6) Leonardo da Vinci (Italian) (1452-1519)He was a famous Italian artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible. Some of his famous paintings include “The Adoration of the Magi” and the “The Last Supper”. Later in his life he lived in France where he designed a submarine (潜水艇) and a flying machine.

7) British. He did research into different gases and discovered the medical value of nitrous oxide (laughing gas) as an anaesthetic.(麻醉药) In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.

8) Zhang Heng ,Chinese( 78-----139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon’s head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth, making a noise.

9) Stephen Hawking,British(1942--- ) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across.

Step 4 Pre-reading

1. (Pair work) What five most important qualities do you think a scientist should have? Give reasons.

clever/talented strict patient creative determined/strong-willed positive honest  energetic  intelligent/hard-working ambitious careful co-operative confident brave

2. (Group work) Ex2, p1

Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?

8)Draw a conclusion   3)Think of a method   4)Collect results     5)Make up a question

1)Find a problem   5)Analyse the results  6)find supporting evidence   7)Repeat if necessary

Step 5. Summary

Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are three pillars (支柱，要素) of learning.

learning without thought is a labour lost; thought without learning is perilous(危险的)

3. To know the disease is half the cure. 找出病根等于医治了一半。

Step 6 Homework

1. Preview the reading passage John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”(p2)

2. Speaking task (p46) write some key words to the Qs to help your talk on your book and prepare to introduce the scientist you admire most to the class

3. Read notes ①--⑨ to Unit 1, p76-77

4. Listening exercise P41,Ex 1&2

Period 2 Fast Reading (P2)

Step 1 Homework checking p41 Listening

Step 2 Lead in

1.Invite 2-3 Ss to introduce the scientists they admire most to the class

2. Background introduction to John Snow

John Snow (1813-1858) was born and worked as a doctor in Great Britain. He was originally an anesthetist(麻醉师).He was so famous that he became the doctor for Queen Victoria at the births of her many children.Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England. In 1854, the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom began. It was so violent and sudden that 127people died in the first three days.

3.Give information of the deadly disease cholera

1) What infectious diseases do you know? (AIDS, SARS, Bird Flu, grippe，pig-borne disease 猪链球菌)

2) What kind of disease is it ?

Name cholera

Symptom(症状) severe vomit (呕吐) and diarrhoea (腹泻)

Aftereffect(后果) die quickly from a loss of liquid

Step 3 Fast Reading：

Read the text quickly and find out the answers to these two questions and the main idea of each paragraph.

1)What was the cause of this disease ?   2)How did John Snow find it out?

Para 1: the problem     Para 2: the cause----two theories     Para 3: the method

Para 4: the discovery    Para 5: the result and conclusion      Para 6: the suggestion

Show pictures of water pump and teach handle

Careful reading: Read the text carefully and fill in the chart (Ex 1, p3)

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