2 The lift has broken down.(We have to use the stairs.)

The lift broke down.( But it’s probably working again now.)

Read the diary entry and then complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasn’t visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasn’t found (11) Has, been

Present perfect continuous tense

The uses of the Present perfect continuous tense

1 I for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.(wait)

2 I’m so sorry I’m late. you long?

We sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.

have been waiting

Have been waiting

Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9.

The form of the Present perfect continuous tense

We form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb.

Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching

(5) have seen (6) have been writing

Present perfect or present perfect continuous tense?

Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.

Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.

In the first sentence, it means the action read isn’t still continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now, but in the second sentence , it means the action read is still continuing.

c.f. I’ve cleaned the house.

I’ve been cleaning the house.

Read Point 1 on page 10.

I Egypt twice this month.(visit)

I Egypt for two months. (tour)

The present perfect continuous tense can’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again.

We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.

have visited

have been touring

how many times/how long

have you swum in the lake?

have you been swimming in the lake?

We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.

How many times

How long

A state verb or an action verb

I have had this camera for five years.(state verb)

I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)

I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)

An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.

A state verb doesn’t mean an action, so it can’t be used in a continuous tense.

They’ve always had a big garden.

How long have you known each other?

He’s been in hospital since his accident.

I’ve never visited Paris.

I’ve already been to Paris.

always, never, yet, already and ever can’t be used in a continuous tense.

I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.

I’ve been waiting for an hour.

We can use for and since with the the present perfect continuous tense.

Answers on page 11

A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been making

Sample answers

B 1 He has been waiting at an underground station.

2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.

3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.

4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.

How long have you learnt English? Or

How long have you been learning English?

It has snowed for a long time.

It has been snowing for a long time.

Both present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense

An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc.

Homework

Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook

Prepare Task

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