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Period 1  Warming up & Pre-reading

Teaching aim:

To learn something about some famous scientists

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

1. Can you name some famous scientists?

2. In your opinion, what qualities should a scientist have?

(Common characteristics: bright/ brightness; creative; cautious; persuasive; strict; positive; co-operative; enthusiastic; etc.)

3. What kind of scientists do you know?

(geologist; geographer; mathematician; physicist; chemist; agriculturist; astronomer; botanist; biologist; inventor …)

Step 2 Warming up

1. Page 1, SB. Ask Ss to finish the quiz and find out who knows most.

2. Show some pictures of these great scientists and have a brief introduction to them.

Step 3 Pre-reading (Discussion)

1. What do you know about infectious diseases? What kind of infectious diseases do you know?

(Infectious diseases can be spread easily, they have unknown cause and may do great harm to people. SARS; Bird flu; AIDS; etc.)

2. What do you know about cholera? (T can introduce this disease by using slides)

3. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?

(Find a problem→Make up a question→Think of a method→Collect results→Analyse the results→Repeat if necessary→Draw a conclusion)

Step 4 Language points

1. discover   vt. to be the first to find, learn of, or observe 发现，发觉

discover 通常指被探索或被揭示物早就客观存在着;invent指的是发明原先不存在的东西。如：

Columbus discovered America in 1492.

Alexander Graham Bill invented the telephone in 1876.

2. as   conj.

used in comparisons  用于比较：像……一样

He’s as old as I am.

in the same manner or way that 照……的方式

Do as I say.

while; when

He saw her as she was getting off the bus.

because

As she has no car, she can’t get there easily.

though

Tired as I was, I tried to help them.

as it is: in reality; in fact 事实上

I hope things would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.

(7) as it were: so to speak; in a certain way 可以说; 跟……一样

He is my best friend, my brother, as it were.

3. characteristic

(1) n. a special and easily recognized quality of someone or something 特色, 特性

A characteristic of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water.

(2) adj. typical; representing a person’s or thing’s usual character 独特的

I heard my friend’s characteristic voice.

4. the way of doing sth. 意为“做……的方法”，还可以表达为 the way to do。如：

She showed us the way of cleaning it. = She showed us the way to clean it.

I don’t like the way (that / in which) you speak to your father.

5. put sth. forward:

(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration   提出

He put forward a new plan.

(2) 拨快  Put the clocks forward. 将时钟拨快

(3) 推荐某人或自己任职位; 提名

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?

我能否提名你当委员会主席吗?

6. infectious  adj.

(1) capable of causing infection 传染的,能够导致传染病的

Cholera is an infectious disease.

(2) caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection传染性的, 由传染引发的

Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases.

(3) easily or readily communicated 有感染力的，容易或快速传播的

an infectious laugh有感染力的微笑

(4) infect  vt. 传染, 感染

infectant  n. 污染物,传染物  adj. 传染的, 污染的

infected  adj. 被感染的

infection  n. 传染, 传染病, 影响, 感染

7.  if necessary 是一种省略句式。在while，when，until，unless，if，once等引导的状语从句中，如从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语部分含动词be时，可以省略从句的主语和动词be。

When (I was) a boy, I looked at such things quite differently.

Don’t speak until (you are ) spoken to.

Step 5 Assignments

1. Revise the words in “Warming up”.

2. Learn the words from “attend” to “ strict”.

3. Prepare “Reading”.

Period 2&3 Reading and comprehending

Teaching Aims:

①Get Ss to improve their reading abilities.

②Let Ss know the topic “Great scientists”

③Know some important phrases occurring in this reading

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Lead in

Check Ss’ knowledge about some scientists and their discoveries.

①Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?

Archimedes

②Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?

Charles Darwin

③Who invented the first steam engine?

Thomas Newcomen

④Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their children?

Gregor Mendel

⑤Who discovered radium?

Maries Curie

⑥Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?

Thomas Edison

⑦Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?

Leonardo da Vinci

⑧Who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?

Sir Humphrey Davy

⑨Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?

Zhang Heng

⑩Who put forward a theory about black holes?

Stephen Hawking

After all the questions, then lead in the passage with a picture. Ask ss if they know the map and what it is used for. Give them the answer later “It is a map to find out the cause of Cholera. ”

Step 2 Skim and Scan

More questions are given to get the general ideas of this passage and some obvious facts.

Who defeats “King Cholera“? John Snow

What happened in 1854?   Cholera outbreak hit London.

How many people died in 10 days? 500

Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?

These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.

Step 3 Reading for details

1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?

Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.

2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?

People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.

3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.

gathering information with the help of a map

looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street

Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t

Both A and B (right choice)

4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?

Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine. Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.

Step 4 Mind map of the passage

Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera

Paragraph 2: Two theory

Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854

Paragraph 3: Think of a method: Test two theory

Collect the result: Mark the death

Analyze the result: Reason for death and no death

Paragraph 4: Analyze the result: Find the resource of the water

Paragraph 5: Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence.

Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ

Polluted water carried cholera

Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera

Step 5. Careful reading

1.Ask the Ss to read the text carefully and then finish the chart in Ex. 1 on page 3.

Scientific Report by John Snow

The problem Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease

of cholera.

The cause Idea 1: strange cloud in the air that attacked victims.

Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals.

The method  Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.

The results  He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.

Idea 1 or 2? Why?  Idea 2. Because the data showed a connection with the water.

The conclusion John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.

Step 6 Retell the passage

Provide ss with a summary with some blanks. Let them retell the passage as well as pay attention to some important words.

Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:

John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.

Step 7 Language points

1. attend  v.

to be present at; go to 出席，参加

He decided to attend the meeting himself.

to give one’s attention; listen 注意，倾听(常跟to连用)

Are you attending to what is being said?

to look after; serve 照顾，护理