常用结构：

apart from ... 除了……外，除了……还有

take ...apart 拆开

tell apart 分辨出

辨析

besides/except/except for/except that/

except when/but/apart from/in addition to

besides指“除……之外，另外还有”，着重于“另外还有”。

except指“从整体里减去一部分”，着重于“排除在外”。

except for与except同义，但except for所“排除在外”的通常是整体中的一个细节，或是句中所述的整体内容中的一个部分。

except that意为“除了”，与except for同义，后面接从句。

except when意为“除非”，“除了在……时候”。

but作介词与except同义，表示“排除在外”。常与no, every, any构成的复合词连用，构成none but, nothing but, anybody but, everyone but, everywhere but以及no one but, all but等结构。

apart from 兼有besides 和except for两种含义，后接名词、代词或动名词。

in addition to 侧重表示“除了...之外还有...”

other than “除了...之外还有...”

注意：用于否定句时，but, except和besides可以换用。

的肯定含义。to是介词，其后跟名词、动名词。

In addition to visiting his old friends, he stayed with his parents for several days during the holiday..在假期期间除了拜访几个老朋友外，他陪父母待了几天。

In addition to some books, John send him a toy monkey.除了一些书外，约翰还给他寄了一个玩具猴。

We play football in addition to basketball. 除了篮球外，我们还踢足球。

In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language. 除英语外，他还得学第二外语。

In addition to the overcoat you asked for, I bought you a shirt. 除了你要的上衣外，我还给你买了件衬衫。

注：in addition to 中的to为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词。如：

In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告，而且还给了我一些钱。

另外，当主语后跟有in addition to引出的介词短语时，谓语动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。如：

The teacher, in addition to his students, was interested in the book. 老师和他的学生都对这本书感兴趣。

besides 还可以作副词使用

besides,  moreover, furthermore, what's more , in addition 此外，另外，还有。如：

I met some friends and other people in addition. 我遇到了几位朋友，还遇到了其它一些人。

You need money and time, and in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。

Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。

Take the bike apart and try to repair it this morning.请拆开这自行车并设法于今天上午修好。

There aren’t any other people to be considered but/except/besides Mr Brown.除了布朗先生外，其他人将不予考虑。

I have five other story books besides this one. 除了这本外，我还有五本别的故事书。

He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题外，他回答了所有的问题。

I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.我不了解他的情况，只知道他住在隔壁。

He goes to work on time every day except when he is ill.

他每天都按时上班，除非他生病了。

重点短语

10. in search of  寻找，寻求

拓展

in one’s/a/the search for=in search of 寻找;寻求

make a search of  搜查……

search for sb./sth.  寻找某人/某物

search sb./sth. out 找出某人/某物

search sb./sth.(for sb./sth.)搜查某人/某物(以搜寻到某人/某物)

辨析

search/search for/search ...for/in search of

search vt. search sb.意为“搜身”，

search a place.意为“在……中搜查”。

search for 意为“寻找”，指搜寻某个特定的目标，相当于look for。

search ...for 意为“搜查某人或某地以寻找某物”。

in search of 意为“寻找”，作目的状语，后接寻找的对象或目标。

The police searched the house for the stolen jewellry.警察搜查那栋房屋，寻找被偷的宝石。

I looked everywhere in search of my lost pen.我四处寻找我丢失的钢笔。

They searched the guard at the gate.他们在门口搜查了那个士兵。

I searched everywhere for the lost pen. 我到处找丢失的钢笔。

(1)单项填空

They were walking around the town             a place for the party.

A. in search of        B. search

C. searching of       D. searched for

(1) 选A。

in search of为介词短语，意为“寻找”，符合句意。B、D两项动词形式不正确;无C项search of这种搭配。故选A项。

(2)完成句子

①警察到处搜捕他。最终他被抓住了，现在警察正在对他进行搜身。

The police                    him everywhere. He was caught at last and now the police are            him.

②显然，已经有人搜过他的房子——那本书不见了。

His house had clearly been            and the book was missing.

解析：

(2)       ①searched for;searching           ②searched

11. belong to   属于;是……的成员;是……的一部分

拓展

belong    vi. 应被放置在，应处在(某处)，适合在某处。此时，不与to连用，后面通常跟副词和其他介词短语。

belongings     n.财产;所有物;行李

提示

belong to不用于进行时态和被动语态中。to 为介词，其后接代词、名词类短语及从句，表示所归属的对象。

Who does this watch belong to?  这块表是谁的?

She lost all her belongings in the earthquake. 她在地震中失去了所有的财产。

I don’t really feel I belong here.我感觉我并不适合待在这个地方。

单项填空

As is known to us all, China is a developing country

___ the third world.

A. belonging                    B. belonged

C. belonging to               D. belonged to

解析：选C。belong to 在句中作定语，无被动语态和进行时态，必须和to连用。

12. in return    回报;作为报酬;作为报答

in return for sth. 作为……的交换/回报

in turn 轮流地，依次;相应地，转而

by turns 轮流地，时而……时而……

What can we do for them in return for all the help they have given us?我们能做些什么来报答他们所给予我们的种种帮助呢?

① I bought him a drink in return for his help.

② I wish I could do something for you in return.

重点句型

13.   “couldn’t have done”意为“不可能做了某事”，表示对过去已发生的事情的比较有把握的否定猜测。

Frederick William Ⅰ, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.

普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

could/can have done结构的用法：

①用于疑问句中，表示一种猜测，意为“可能做过……吗?”

②用于肯定句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“本来能够去做却没有做”。

Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him just now.  史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还见过他。

There is no light in the room, can they have gone out?

屋里没亮灯，他们有可能出去了吗?

—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。

—Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Babara.是吗?你本来能够和巴巴拉住在一起的。

情态动词+have done表对过去情况的推测与估计：

(1)could have done sth.本来能做……(过去本来能做而未做)

(2)should have done sth.本应该做……(过去本应该做而未做)

(3)must+have done sth.一定……(对过去发生的事情的肯定推测)

(4)needn’t have done sth.本来不必做……(过去不必做却做了)

(5)might/may have done sth.可能做了……(过去可能做了某事，可能性小)

句式提取：情态动词+have done

They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.他们本该在午饭时间到达，但是他们的航班推迟了。(2011•全国Ⅰ，32)

单项填空

①  His brother met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___have attended your lecture.

A. couldn't     B. needn't

C. mustn't     D. shouldn't

②—Your mother was really anxious about you.

—I know.  I         home without a word.

A. mustn't leave    B. shouldn't have left

C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave

解析： ①选A。

由“His brother met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon”可知，当时他不在课堂上，不可能听了你的课。couldn’t have done意为“(过去)肯定没做”，符合句意。

②选B。由“Your mother was really anxious about you”和“I know”可知，“我”是在为自己未打招呼离家而自责。shouldn’t have done意为“本不应该做某事”，符合句意。

14.   rather than意为“而不是”，连接两个并列成分，这两个并列成分的形式应该一致。rather than连接两个主语时，其后面谓语动词的单复数形式取决于rather than前面主语的单复数形式。同类词汇、短语还有：as well as，together with，except，but，like，with，besides，including等。

He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions.他/她关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人的观点或看法。

拓展：

or rather更确切地说

other than 除了……之外

would rather do sth. than do sth.

=prefer doing ...to doing/prefer to do rather than do宁愿做……，而不愿做……

would do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿做……

would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)……

I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame.我认为该受责备的是汤姆，而不是你。

Professor Smith, together with his assistants, is doing the research day and night.史密斯教授和他的助手们正在夜以继日地进行研究。

选词填空(rather than/other than/or rather)

①I met him very late on Friday night,_____  , early on Saturday morning.

②Does anybody  ___  yourself know this?

③I decided to send an e-mail _____  telephone.

答案：①or rather

②other than

③rather than

情态动词+have+过去分词http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53ca7b1b0102ds1n.html

15.  think highly of看重，器重;高度评价

think well/much of  对……评价很高

think badly/little/ill of  对……评价很低

think nothing of  轻视;认为……无所谓

speak well/ill of说……好/坏

sing the praises of sb.=sing 　sb' praises 　,高度赞扬某人

注意　当think highly/well/much of用于被动结构时，副词置于thought之前，

即构成be highly/well/much thought of。

(1)We all think very highly/well/much of her.

我们都非常看重她。

(2)He thinks nothing of walking four miles to work and back every day. 他把每天步行四英里上下班不当回事。

(3)I gave him some good advice，but he  thought little of  it.我给他提了些好建议，但他根本不理会。

解析　watch for表示“等候”;look for表示“寻找”;reach for表示“伸手去够”;arrange for表示“安排”。根据语境可知，只有A项符合，即作者在等火车。

希望大家能够认真阅读这篇关于 Cultural relics 的人教版英语知识点总结，以便在英语学习上取得优异的成绩。

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