W: What kind of training does one need to go intothis type of job?
M: That’s a very good question. I don’t thinkthere is any, specifically。
W: For example, in your case, what was youreducational background?
M: Well, I did a degree in French, in Nottingham.After that, I did careers work in secondary schools, like the careers guidancepeople here in the university. Then I went into local government, because Ifound I was more interested in the administrative side, then progressed on touniversities. So there wasn’t any plan, and there was no specific training.There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committeework which you can attend now。
W: But in thefirst place, you did a French degree.
M: In my time, there wasn’t a degree you can dofor administration. I think most of the administrators I’ve come across havedegrees in all sorts of things.
W: Well, I know in my case, I did an Englishliterature degree. And I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I’m doingnow。
M: Quite。
W: But you’re local to Nottingham actually. Isthere any reason why you went to Nottingham University?
M: No, no, I come from the north of England, fromwest Yorkshire. Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list, and Iliked the look of it. The campus is just beautiful。
W: Yes, indeed, let’s see. Were you from theindustrial part of Yorkshire?
M: Yes, from the Woolen District,
23: What was the man’s major at university?
24: What was the man’s job in secondary schools?
25: What attracted the man to NottinghamUniversity?
短文题
Passage 1
While Gale Obcamp, an American artist, was givinga speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that includedvisitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listenershad their eyes closed. Were they turned off because an American had the nerveto instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately trying tosignal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners werenot being disrespectful. Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes toenhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her bychewing on her words. Someday, you may be either a speaker or a listener in asituation involving people from other countries or members of a minority groupin North America. Learning how different cultures signal respect can help youavoid misunderstandings. Here are some examples. In the Deaf Culture of NorthAmerican, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but bywaving them in the air. In some cultures, both overseas and in some minoritygroups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they lookdirectly at the speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general directionbut avoiding direct eye contact. In some countries, whistling by listeners is asign of approval while in other countries it is a form of insult。
26.What did Obcamp’s speech focus on?
27. Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to aspeech?
28. What does the speaker try to explain?
Passage2
Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintainingequipment in his division at Taxlong company. He’s soon going to have anevaluation interview with his supervisor and personnel director to discuss thework he has done in the past year. Salary, promotion and plans for the comingyear will also be discussed at the meeting。
Chris has made several changes for his division inhis past year. Firstly, he bought new equipment for one of the departments.He’s been particularly happy about new equipment because many of the employeeshave told him how much it has helped them. Along with improving the equipment,Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and to dosimple maintenance themselves. The training saved time for the employees andmoney for the Company。
Unfortunately, one serious problem developedduring the year. Two employees that Chris hired were stealing, and he had tofire them. Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance managerfor the whole company will be open in a few months and he would like to bepromoted to the job. Chris knows, however, that someone else wants the new job,too. Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another division of thecompany. She has also made several changes over the year. Chris knows that hisboss likes Kim’s work, and expects that his work will be compared with hers。
29. What is Chris’ main responsibility at Taxlongcompany?
30. What problem did Chris encounter in his division?
31. What does Chris hope for in the near future?
32. What do we learn about Kim from the passage?
Passage 3
Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, areexamples of folk wisdom. They are little lessons whicholder people of the culture pass down to the younger people to teach them aboutlife. Manyproverbs remind the people of values that are important in the culture. Valuesteach people how to act, what is right and what is wrong, because the values of eachculture are different. Understanding the values of anotherculture, helps to explain how people think and act. Understanding your ownculture values is important, too. If you can accept that people from other cultures actaccording to their values not yours, getting along with them will be much easier.Many proverbs are very old. So some of the values they teach may not be asimportant in the culture as they once were. For example, Americans today do not paymuch attention to the proverbs “haste makes waste”， because patience is notimportant to them. But if you know about past values, it helps you tounderstand the present. And many of the old values are still strong today.Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer, and scientist died in1790. But his proverb “Time is money” is taken more seriously by Americans oftoday than ever before. A study of proverbs from around theworld shows that some values are shared by many cultures. In many cases though, the sameidea is expressed differently。
33. Why are proverbs so important?
34. According to the speakers, what happens to some proverbs withthe passage of time?
35. What do we learn from the study of proverbs from aroundthe world?
复合式听写
Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoymy own company, I no longer imagine I can get through a single day, much lessall my life, completely on my own. Even if I am on vacation in the mountains, Iam eating foods someone else has grown, living in the house someone else hasbuilt, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others, usingelectricity someone else is distributing to my house. Evidence ofinterdependence is everywhere. We are on this journey together. As I wasgrowing up, I remember being carefully taught that independence, notinterdependence, was everything. Make your own way, stand on your own two feet,or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face to face with the consequences ofsome action: now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it. Total independence is adominant theme in our culture. I imagine that what my parents were trying toteach me was to take responsibility for my actions and my choices, but theteaching was shaped by our cultural images and instead, I grew up, believingthat I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became veryreluctant to ask for help. I would do almost anything not to be a burden andnot require any help from anybody。