F) Many members of the immobile class, on the other hand, live in the America of the gloomy headlines. If you have no specialized skills, there’s little reason to uproot to another state and be the last in line for a low-paying job at a new auto plant or a green-energy startup. The surprise in the census (普查) data, however, is that the immobile workforce is not limited to unskilled workers. In fact, many have a college degree.
G) Until now, a B. A. in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages. But today, a quarter of college graduates make less than the typical worker without a bachelor's degree. David Autor, a prominent labor economist at M. I. T. , recently told me that a college degree alone is no longer a guarantor of a good job. While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a good job no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-famous schools are going to be judged on what they know. To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with the skills that emerging industries need, whether technical or not.
H) Those without such specialized skills—like poetry, or even history, majors一are already competing with their neighbors for the same sorts of second-rate, poorer-paying local jobs like low-level management or big-box retail sales. And with the low-skilled labor market atomized into thousands of microeconomics, immobile workers are less able to demand better wages or conditions or to acquire valuable skills.
I) So what, exactly, should the ambitious young worker of today be learning? Unfortunately, it’s hard to say, since the US doesn't have one clear national project. There are plenty of emerging, smaller industries, but which ones are the most promising? (Nanotechnology's (纳米技木)moment of remarkable growth seems to have been 5 years into the future for something like 20 years now.) It’s not clear exactly what skills are most needed or if they will even be valuable in a decade.
J) What is clear is that all sorts of government issues -education, health-insurance portability, worker retraining—arc no longer just bonuses to already prosperous lives but existential requirements. It's in all of our interests to make sure that as many people as possible are able to move toward opportunity, and America's ability to invest people and money in exciting new ideas is still greater than that of most other wealthy countries. (As recently as five years ago, US migration was twice the rate of European Union states.) That, at least, is some comfort at a time when our national economy seems to be searching for its next story line.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. Unlike in the past, a college degree alone does not guarantee a good job for its holder.
47. The census data is surprising in that college graduates are also among the immobile workforce.
48. New figures released by the government show that Americans today are less mobile than ever before.
49. The migration of old people from cold to warm places made many jobs available to the young.
50. America is better at innovation than most other rich nations.
51. Early American history is one of moving outward.
52. Young people don't know what lo learn because it is hard to predict what skills are most needed or valued ten years from now.
53. Computer or other technical skills are needed to get a well-paying job in high-tech or advanced manufacturing.
54. When the frontier vanished about a century ago, America found new economic mobility in industrialization.
55. America today can be divided into two classes： those who move and those who don’t.
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