【摘要】2013英语四六级在即，精品学习网小编在此为大家编辑了“英语六级外刊阅读练习：艺术家和摄影师”，供大家参考，希望对四六级考生有所帮助。祝大家取得理想的成绩!
Books and Arts;Artists and photographers;Point and paint
文艺;书评;艺术家和摄影师;瞬间与永恒;
A long overdue study of the influence early photography had on painting;
早期摄影对绘画的影响，一项迟来的研究;
“I have all my subjects to hand”, Pierre Bonnard, a French post-impressionist painter, once wrote. “I go to see them. I take notes. Then I go home. And before I start painting I reflect, I dream.” At the turn of the 19th century, the “notes” Bonnard made included snapshots that he took with his flexible hand-held Kodak camera, which had first been introduced in 1888.
“我手头上有全部素材”，法国后印象主义画家皮埃尔·波纳尔曾经写道。“我去采风。做记录。然后回到家。开始作画前我会在脑中回想，让思绪放飞。”在19世纪之交，柯达推出第一台相机(1888年)，这里波纳尔所说的“记录”就包括用轻巧便携的柯达相机拍的快照。
Unhampered by hefty equipment (the Kodak was held at waist level and had an arrow marked on top to help point the lens) or long exposures, Bonnard and his fellow painters from the Nabi group, Edouard Vuillard and Félix Vallotton, were among the first artists to use the camera toobserve fine details, perspectives and light effects too fleeting to see with the naked eye. Apainstakingly curated new show juxtaposes 220 mostly unpublished vintage snapshots by seven fin-de-siècle artists along with their paintings, prints and drawings in an effort todemonstrate how this new way of seeing inspired and expanded the painters' creative vision.
不受笨重机器的束缚(这款柯达相机可以挎在腰部，相机顶端的箭头帮助对准镜头)，不用拍长曝光的照片，波纳尔和其他两位纳比派画家——爱德华·维亚尔和菲利克斯·瓦洛通，首开先河利用照相机观察景物的细枝末节、透视图像和光影效果，这些转瞬即逝的景象很难用肉眼观察。最近一个新的作品展展出了由7位“世纪末”艺术家拍摄的220幅老式照片(大部分未曾公开)，同时展出的还有他们的油画、印刷品和素描作品。此次展览的举办颇费周折，目的在于向人们展示这种全新的观察方法如何激发和拓宽了画家的创作视角。
Henri Rivière, a French printmaker and designer, climbed the soaring Eiffel Tower before it was completed in 1889 to photograph the exhilarating lines and angles of its iron girders set against the Paris sky for a series of 36 lithographs. Vuillard and a gifted, yet little-known, Belgian painter named Henri Evenepoel used the camera as a sketch book and aide-mémoire tocapture everyday moments with family and friends. Bonnard in turn photographed his slender, round-faced mistress and muse, Marthe de Méligny, naked in a glade, as inspiration for his illustrations of “Daphnis and Chloé” by a second-century Greek novelist and romancer, Longus.
亨利·里维埃，法国版画家和设计师，为了完成由36个石版画组成的一系列作品，曾爬上还未竣工的高耸的艾菲尔铁塔(铁塔于1889年落成)，拍摄下了以巴黎的天空为背景，铁塔的钢筋铁架纵横交错构成的振奋人心的画面。维亚尔和另一位才华横溢但名不见经传的比利时画家亨利·埃费内普尔把照相机当作素描本和备忘录，用以扑捉和家人朋友的日常生活瞬间。而波纳尔拍摄的则是他那身材苗条脸盘很圆的情妇，以及他灵感的源泉玛莎·Méligny在树林中一丝不挂的照片。他在给公元2世纪希腊传奇小说家隆古斯的小说《达佛涅斯和克洛伊》做插图时，灵感就来自这些照片。