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第一部份：Phrases and Sentences:
1、He is famous for vigorously opposing the use of chemicals to kill pets.这个句子中重点解析的是 vigorously opposing 并翻译这句话。
注意的词语：vigorously opposing积极反对翻译为：他因为积极反对用化学品杀宠物而出名。
2、What would you recommend for a tenth-grader?这个句子中重点解析的是tenth-grader到底是十年级的学生，还是十岁的小孩? tenth-grade是“十年级”，所以tenth-grader当然是“十年纪的学生”了。十岁的小孩是：teenager
3、They used Singapore as a microcosm for examining a regionwide tropical biodiversity crisis.这个句子中重点解析的是and compiled population data from the past two centuries.翻译为：他们用新加坡作为检查热带地区的区域性的生活差异危机一个缩影，并用过去两个世纪(的历史)来编纂人口数据。
其中biodiversity是由前缀bio-和diversity组合而成的，意思是生命的差异性。
4、Animals that call the forest home have suffered enormously.这个句子中重点解析的是“call”在这句话的意思。
call称为，当作。
翻译为：以森林为家的动物们受到了巨大的灾难。
5、American and Europe will pool research into hydrogen-powered fuel cells.这个句子中重点解析的是“pool”在这句话的意思。
pool集中投入，pool的名词意思是“池塘”，动词本义是“汇合成塘”的意思，这里用的是比喻义，想象一下不难理解的。
翻译为：美国和欧洲将集中注资到氢燃料电池的研究中。
6、It shows the United States is out to make peace with eco-friendly Europe.翻译为：这表明美国将尽力与生态环境好的欧洲和平相处。
out这里是副词，表示“致力于”。
7、Fuel cells create electricity by combining oxygen and hydrogen without broducing harmful emissions, and technical construction poses few basic challenges.这个句子中重点解析的是“call”在这句话的意思。
翻译为：燃料电池通过氧气和氢气反应来发电而不发出有害物质，并且在技术的组建上提出了很少的挑战。
这里没有call,只有cell,是电池的意思，名词。pose challenge提出挑战，就是指技术上的难关。
8、That means making use of renewable resources for the task, say wind and solar resources.这个句子中重点解析的是“say”在这句话的意思。
翻译为：那意味着该任务是要利用可再生资源，比如风能和太阳能。
其中的say是副词，比如，相当于for example.
9、Whitman assured the public that the air was safe before testing was conclusive. In addition, all EPA statements were required to be screened by the White House.翻译为：惠特曼向公众保证在测试下结论之前空气是安全的。而且，所有的EPA(美国环保署)申明都要求经过白宫的筛选。
注意的词语：screen 动词，筛选/过滤。
10、But New York Sen.(senator,参议员。)Hillary Clinton is calling for an investigation, saying somebody surely leaned on the EPA to lie, which Whitman strongly denies.翻译为：但是纽约的科学家希拉里·克林顿要求调查此事，说某些人明显的偏向于EPA(美国环保署)而说谎，对于这个，惠特曼坚决否认。
注意的词语：call for 相当于demand、require;lean on 偏向于。
练习:
When it comes to air pollution, the simple life isn’t necessarily the safest. The most poisonous atmosphere in Asia is found not in rapidly modernizing cities like New Delhi or Beijing but inside the kitchens of homes in rural Asia. Millions of families in the countryside heat their abodes and cook with open fires using cheap fuels that belch carbon monoxide and other noxious fumes at level up to 500 times international safety limits. Rural women and children often spend hours each day in poorly, ventilated kitchens, breathing this putrid air. "This is a problem that has been around forever, as long as humankind has existed, but it’s been ignored," says Eva Rehfuess, a World Health Organization expert on indoor air pollution. "If you walked into these kitchens, your eyes would start tearing and you would find it difficult to breathe. It’s terrible. "
The WHO estimates that indoor air pollution cause 1.6 million deaths per year in developing countries around the world, up to 555,000 of which occur in India alone-and overwhelmingly it’s the poor who are dying. Villagers have no choice but to use wood, coal or dung fires, raising the risk that young children will be killed by carboj-monoxide poisoning or a bad case of pneumonia ravaging weakened lungs. Likewise, the women who typically keep their home fires burning are vulnerable to chronic respiratory diseases. "Day in and day out for 50 years, some of these women might be cooking six hours a day, exposed to pollutions," says Rehfuess.
Curtailing indoor air pollution can be as simple as replacing open wood fires with better-ventilated cookstoves, but more sophisticated stoves can cost up to $120. China and India, home to the world’s largest rural populations, have launched ambitious national programs in recent decades to supply villagers with safer stoves at subsidized prices. But the programs have not always worked, in India, for example, some 33 million stoves were given out free to villagers in rural areas from 1984 to 2000-but because of a lack of health education or follow-up maintenance, most families abandoned the cookstoves for their old fires within a few years.
That’s left nongovernmental organizations like the shell Foundation to step into the gap. It has begun a pilot program with local Indian NGOs in a pair of rural states to develop and market clean, wood-burning stoves that cost just $5-$10 yet can reduce emissions by up to 40%. The project is on track to sell 1000,000 stoves by the end of 2005, and the groups plan to expand the program nationally in the future. Program manager Karen Westley says Shell and its partner NGOs made an effort to sell their customers not just more efficient tools but also the idea that different is better. "You have to make sure people actually want that damn thing," says Westely. "They need to make the connection between having a better stove, breathing less smoke and experiencing better health in the end."
But habits ingrained by tradition can be hard to break. "They’ve been living with this always, and so have their mothers and grandmothers," says Rehfuess. "You have to give people the felling they can do something about it." And that they’ll breathe a lot easier for their trouble.