克服BEC听力的最大障碍,失音与连读
听力失音连读表
失音与连读
在语速较快的时候，为了方便应用产生了失音和连读现象。掌握好失音和连读是听懂和说一口地道美语的前提。
学习方法：失音连读规则繁琐细致，逐条记忆会耗费大量时间。本书将各种情况归纳列表附在本篇后，只需在浏览过规则以后将列表和例句通读几遍，便能自然掌握各种失音连读情况和培养出较强的英语语感，从根本上提高语言使用能力。
失音：
失音，顾名思义就是某一个或者几个音脱落，把单词短语和句子快速连缀成串。
单词间的失音有四种类型。
类型一：前一词以“持续音+/t/ /d/”结尾，后一词以辅音开头，则其中/t/ /d/失音
其中包括：/st/+辅音 /ft/+辅音 /Ft/+辅音 /nd/+辅音 /ld/+辅音 /zd/+辅音 /Td/+辅音 /vd/+辅音 /Wt/+辅音 /md/+辅音 /Nd/+辅音 /nt/+辅音 /lt/+辅音
例如：
last class /lB:s klB:s/ next day / neks dei/ bend back /ben bAk/
settled there /setl T[/ refused both /ri`fju:z b[uW/
类型二：前一词以 “破音/擦音+ /t/ /d/”结束，后一词以辅音开头，则其中/t/ /d/失音
其中包括： /pt/+辅音 /kt/+辅音(如完结于skt则脱k而不是t) /tFt/+辅音 /bd/+辅音 /gd/+辅音 /dVd/+辅音 /Vd/+辅音
例如：
kept quiet /kep kwai[t/ swept valley /swep vAli/ liked jam /laik dVAm/
parched throat /pB:tF Wr[ut/ fetched me /fetF mi:/ rubbed gently /rQbi dVentli/
注：后一词如始于h则/t/ /d/很少脱落
例如：kept her waiting /kept h[: `weitiN/
类型三：动词否定结尾的缩写形式 n’t 中的/t/失音 (无论后一词以元音还是辅音开头)
例如：
You mustn’t /mQsn/ lose it
Doesn’t /dQzn/ she know?
He wouldn’t /wudn/ overeat.
类型四：前一词以/t/ 结束，后一词以/t/ 或 /d/开头，则前面的/t/往往失音。
例如
I’ve got to go. /aiv `gRt[ g[u/
What do you want? /wRd[ ju wRnt/
另外，不完全爆破虽然没有归纳到失音类型里来，但实质上也存在不发音现象。
如果前面单词结尾和后面单词开头是两个或者同一个破擦音( /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ ) 则前一音保留口型和发音时间却并不发音。但是听者能感到这个音的存在。
例如：
cut down / kQ daun/ stick to /sti tu:/ break down /bri daun/ let go /le g[u /
连读：
连贯讲话自然会出现连读现象，在中文中也同样存在，例如传统的北京方言。连读主要出现在意义联系较紧的词，如冠词与名词，数词和名词，动词与副词，连接词与代名词之间。语义自然停顿的地方不用连读。
连读类型：
类型一：辅音与下一个单词的元音连缀，使全句连贯。
例如：
in an hour / in [n au[/ an English book /[n iNgliF buk/
an apple /[n Apl/ a lot of time /[ `lRt [v taim/
类型二：单词以元音结尾，则在元音后加上/r/音以便和下个单词起首元音连缀。
据伦敦出版的第十三版Pronouncing Dictionary 记载，元音间连读情况多出现在以/E/ /iE/ /Z[/ /B:/ /E:/ /C:/结尾的词后。
例如：
more or less / mR:r [ les/ bear up /bZEr Qp/
the idea of it /aidiEr Ev it/
类型三：后单词以h开始，则前面单词结尾音直接与后面单词的元音连读, 此处h很少发音。
例如：
give him /giv im/
let her /let [:/
失音列表：
类型一：前一词以“持续音+/t/ /d/”结尾，后一词以辅音开头，则其中/t/ /d/失音
/st/+辅音 /ft/+辅音 /Ft/+辅音 /nd/+辅音 /ld/+辅音 /zd/+辅音 /Td/+辅音
/vd/+辅音 /Wt/+辅音 /md/+辅音 /Nd/+辅音 /nt/+辅音 /lt/+辅音
/st/+辅音
² /st/+/p/ dust pan /dQs pAn/
² /st/+/t/ next to /neks tu:/
² /st/+/k/ last class /lB:s klB:s/
² /st/+/f/ best friend /bes frend/
² /st/+/s/ fast society /fB:s sE`saiEti/
² /st/+/W/ first theme /fEs Wi:m/
² /st/+/F/ worst show /wEs FEu/
² /st/+/tF/ last chance / las tFB:s/
² /st/+/b/ burst bubble /bEs bQbl/
² /st/+/d/ next day / neks dei/
² /st/+/g/ almost got / R:lm[us gRt/
² /st/+/v/ last version /lB:s `v[:F[n/
² /st/+/z/ best zone /bes z[un/
² /st/+/T/ noticed that /n[utis TAt/
² /st/+/h/ first hair /fE:s hiE/
² /st/+/dV/ wrist jewelry /ris dVu:[lri/
² /st/+/l/ first light /fE:s lait/
² /st/+/m/ depressed mood /di`pres mu:d/
² /st/+/n/ suppressed newspaper /sE`pres `nu:speip[/
² /st/+/w/ just one / dVQs wQn/
² /st/+/j/ last European empire /lB:s ju[r[`pi[n `empai[/
² /st/+/r/ west region /wes `ri: dVEn/
/ft/+辅音
² /ft/+/p/ shift personality /Fif pE:sE`nAliti/
² /ft/+/t/ left turn /lef tE:n/
² /ft/+/k/ shift key /Fif ki:/
² /ft/+/f/ shift for oneself /Fi fR: wQn`self/
² /ft/+/s/ soft centre /fCf fentE/
² /ft/+/W/ shift theme /Fif Wi:m/
² /ft/+/F/ gift share /gif FZE/
² /ft/+/tF/ drift channel /drif tFAnl/
² /ft/+/b/ drift by /drif bai/
² /ft/+/d/ drift distance /drif `distEns/
² /ft/+/g/ shift gears /Fif gi[z/
² /ft/+/v/ rift valley /rif `vAli/
² /ft/+/z/ shift zeal /Fif zi:l/
² /ft/+/T/ shift the target /Fif T[ `tB:git/
² /ft/+/h/ shift hairstyle /Fif `hZEstail/
² /ft/+/dV/ shift joint /Fif dVRint/
² /ft/+/l/ shift learning /Fif l[:niN/
² /ft/+/m/ shift matrix /Fif `meitriks/
² /ft/+/n/ drift net /drif net/
² /ft/+/w/ left wheel /lef wi:l/
² /ft/+/j/ shift Europe into several countries /Fif `juErEp/
² /ft/+/r/ shift reaction /Fif ri:`AkFEn/
/Ft/+辅音
² /Ft/+/p/ mashed potatoes /mAF pE`teitEuz/
² /Ft/+/t/ finished today’s work /finiF tE`deis wE:k/
² /Ft/+/k/ finished class /finiF klB:s/
² /Ft/+/f/ cherished friends /tFeriF frendz/
² /Ft/+/s/ pushed switch /puF switF/
² /Ft/+/W/ pushed them /puF Wem/
² /Ft/+/F/ finished shaping /finiF `FeipiN/
² /Ft/+/tF/ smashed church /smAF tFEtF/
² /Ft/+/b/ smashed bulk /smAF bQlk/
² /Ft/+/d/ smashed defence /smAF di`fens/
² /Ft/+/g/ smashed gate /smAF geit/
² /Ft/+/v/ smashed vase /smAF vB:z/
² /Ft/+/z/ smashed zeal /smAF zi:l/
² /Ft/+/T/ push the boat out /puF TE bEut aut/
² /Ft/+/h/ smashed hut /smAF hQt/
² /Ft/+/dV/ smashed dream /smAF dri:m/
² /Ft/+/l/ finished late /finiF leit/
² /Ft/+/m/ dashed man /dAF mAn/
² /Ft/+/n/ finished now /finiF nEu/
² /Ft/+/w/ dashed with /dAF wiT/
² /Ft/+/j/ smashed Europe /smAF `juErEp/
² /Ft/+/r/ smashed resistance /smAF ri`zistEns/
/nd/+辅音
² /nd/+/p/ lend paper to /len `peip[ tu:/
² /nd/+/t/ yearned to /j\n tu:/
² /nd/+/k/ lend colour to /len `kQl[/
² /nd/+/f/ found five /faun faiv/
² /nd/+/s/ planned strategy /plAn strAtidVi/
² /nd/+/W/ lend thermos /len W[:m[s/
² /nd/+/F/ a thousand ships /Waus[n Fips/
² /nd/+/tF/ a thousand chairs /Waus[n tFZ[z/
² /nd/+/b/ bend back /ben bAk/
² /nd/+/d/ a thousand dollars /Waus[n dRl[s/
² /nd/+/g/ shined glass /Fain gla:s/
² /nd/+/v/ compound verb /kRmpaun v[b/
² /nd/+/z/ a thousand zooms /Waus[n zu:mz/
² /nd/+/T/ lend the name to sb /len Ti neim/
² /nd/+/h/ a thousand hats /Waus[n hAts/
² /nd/+/dV/ a thousand judges /Waus[n dVQdViz/
² /nd/+/l/ lend-lease /len li:s/
² /nd/+/m/ tinned meat /tin mi:t/
² /nd/+/n/ lend now /len nau/
² /nd/+/w/ lend oneself to /len wQn`self tu:/
² /nd/+/j/ lend you /len ju:/
² /nd/+/r/ a thousand riddles /Waus[n ridlz/
/ld/+辅音
² /ld/+/p/ mild punishment /mail `pQniFm[nt/
² /ld/+/t/ yield to /ji:l tu:/
² /ld/+/k/ build castles /bil kB:slz/
² /ld/+/f/ build for /bil fR:/
² /ld/+/s/ field study /fi:l stQdi/
² /ld/+/W/ pulled through /pu:l Wru:/
² /ld/+/F/ cold shower /k[u `Fau[/
² /ld/+/tF/ spoiled child /spRil tFaild/
² /ld/+/b/ chilled beef /tFil bi:f/
² /ld/+/d/ build down /bil daun/
² /ld/+/g/ old girl /[ul g[:l/
² /ld/+/v/ old valley /[ul `vAli/
² /ld/+/z/ old zoo /[ul zu:/
² /ld/+/T/ settled there /setl T[/
² /ld/+/h/ old hand /[ul hAnd/
² /ld/+/dV/ build joint /bil `dVRint/
² /ld/+/l/ hold light /h[u lait/
² /ld/+/m/ old man /[ul mAn/
² /ld/+/n/ old nun /[ul nQn/
² /ld/+/w/ sealed with /si:l wiT/
² /ld/+/j/ old yacht /[ul jRt/
² /ld/+/r/ world religion /w[:l ri`lidV[n/
/zd/+辅音
² /zd/+/p/ seized power /si:z `pau[/
² /zd/+/t/ seized time /si:z taim/
² /zd/+/k/ refused consent /ri`fju:z k[n`sent/
² /zd/+/f/ refused freight /ri`fju:z freit/
² /zd/+/s/ seized someone by /si:z `sQmwQn bai/
² /zd/+/W/ raised throat /reiz Wr[ut/
² /zd/+/F/ caused shutdown /kRz FQt`daun/
² /zd/+/tF/ raised cheque /reiz tFek/
² /zd/+/b/ refused both /ri`fju:z b[uW/
² /zd/+/d/ caused division /kRz di`viV[n/
² /zd/+/g/ seized goods /si:z gudz/
² /zd/+/v/ raised voice /reiz vRis/
² /zd/+/z/ caused zealot /kRz `zel[t/
² /zd/+/T/ caused the result / kRz T[ ri`zQlt/
² /zd/+/h/ seized hold of /si:z h[uld [v/
² /zd/+/dV/ raised gently /reiz gentli/
² /zd/+/l/ caused loss /kR:z lRs/