探究哈姆雷特沉沦的原因

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I.Introduction引言

哈姆雷特被认为是莎士比亚作品的巅峰之作。没有其他文学如此丰富，如此复杂，如此神秘，曾一度让不起眼的，并受到人文主义深深的影响。因为他的性格缺陷和人文主义的缺陷，哈姆雷特的悲剧原因主要有两个。性格和心理缺陷来源于他的性格矛盾，是他沮丧的原因，人文主义的缺陷也导致他精神沮丧。

Hamlet is considered to be the summit of shakespeare’s works. There is no other character in literature so rich, so complex, so mysterious, at once so obscure and transparent ,and affected by Humanism so deeply. Because of his character defects and Humanism defects, there are two main reasons for Hamlet’s tragedy. The contradictions in character and the Psycho-Source of his character are the causes of his discouragement ,and the Humanism defects also lead to the discouragement of his spirit .In this paper, Hamlet’s discouragement will be discussed from two aspects , including his contradictary chacracter and Humanism defects itself.

II. Life   and   Work    of  William  Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚的生活和工作

2.1 William  Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚

威廉·莎士比亚(生于1564年4月26日，1616年4月23日逝世)是一位英国诗人，剧作家，被广泛认为是最伟大的英语语言作家和世界上最杰出的剧作家。他通常被称为英国的民族诗人和“Bard of Avon”。他的作品，包括一些合作，38戏剧，154首十四行诗，二首长篇叙事诗，和其他诗歌。

William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His works, including some collaborations, consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

2.2 Hamlet

It starts on the castle battlements in Denmark, where the guards see the dead kings ghost, Hamlet's father. They bring Hamlet to the ghost the next night.  The Ghost tells Hamlet that he was murdered by Hamlet's uncle, Claudius, who is now the king because he married Hamlet's mother, Gertrude, who is still living.  Hamlet meets a group of actors and tells them to do a recreation of the killing of Hamlet's father. In the middle of the play Hamlet's uncle, Claudius, goes crazy and it's proven that the new king is guilty of murder.  Later, Hamlet is talking with his mother and Ophelia's (Hamlet's girlfriend) father, Polonius, is behind the curtain. Hamlet thinks it's Claudius and stabs the curtain and kills Polonius. Ophelia goes crazy and drowns in a river. Ophelia's brother, Laertes, is mad at Hamlet so he challenges him to a sword fight. King Claudius gets in on it tooand he poisons Hamlet's wine. Just to make sure Hamlet dies Laertes puts poison on the tip of his sword.  During the duel, Laertes scratches Hamlet with the poison sword. Hamlet picks up the poison sward and stabs Laertes. The queen gets thirsty and drinks the poison wine that Hamlet was going to drink. Hamlet gets up and stabs the new king. The only one who survived was Horatio, Hamlet's best friend.