四、there be的非谓语形式

there be结构的非谓语形式有两种，即there being和there to be。

1. there being结构：该结构在句子中主要用作状语。如：

There being nothing to do, I went to bed. 因为没事可做，所以我就上床睡觉了。

There being no taxi available, he had to walk home. 由于没有计程车可搭，他只好步行回家。

这类结构有时可与状语从句转换，如上面两句也可作如下改写：

As there was nothing to do, I went to bed.

As there was no taxi available, he had to walk home.

另外，there being结构还可用作介词宾语。如：

What’s the chance of there being an election this year? 今年举行选举的可能性有多大?

No one would have dreamed of there being such a good place. 没有人会梦想到竟有这样一个地方。

2. there to be 结构：主要用作动词宾语。可接该结构可用作动词的动词不多，常见的like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, consider等。如：

I don’t want there to be any more trouble. 我不想再有任何麻烦了。

Students hate there to be too much homework. 学生讨厌做太多的家庭作业。

We expect there to be more discussion about this. 我们期望能对此展开更多的讨论。

注意，在let there be结构中，动词be不带to。如：

Let there be no mistake about it. 不要误解我的意思。

Let there be no mistake about it. 这事不要出错。

另外，there to be 结构还可用作介词for的宾语。注意了，用作介词宾语一般用there being，但用作介词for的宾语时，却要用there to be。比较：

It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，不会有公共汽车了。

They asked for there to be another meeting. 他们要求再开一次会议。

五、there be+名词+非谓语动词

1. there be+宾语+现在分词：现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行。如：

There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。

There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站着一个男人。

There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。

有时现在分词不表示动作在进行，而表示一种状态或现状。如：

There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墙有一架钢琴。

There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我们面前有很多困难。

There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座门通往花园。

正如come, go, leave, move 等表示位置移动的短暂性动词的进行时态可表示将来意义一样，“there be+名词+现在分词”也可以表示将来意义。如：

There are ten people coming to dinner. 有十个人来吃晚饭。

There were about 300 people moving to the new factory in the south. 大约有300人要搬到南方的新厂去。

2. there be+宾语+过去分词：过去分词表示一种被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生。如：

There was nobody injured. 没有人受伤。

There is nothing written on it. 上面没写东西。

There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人丧生。

In this book, there are some texts learnt before. 在这本书里面，有些课文以前学过。

有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构)。如：

There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。

There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。

3. there be+宾语+不定式：不定式通常表示动作尚未发生。如：

There was nobody to look after the child. 没有人照顾这孩子。

There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要来给他送行。

There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能会有很大的损失，因此我们不能冒险。

当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时，可用主动表被动，也可用被动式。如：

There is much work to do [to be done]. 有许多工作要做。

但有时含义有差别——不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb，用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb。如：

There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意)

There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了)

There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。(即不值一看)

There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看)

六、There is no+动名词

1. 表示否定：此时表示“不可能……”“无法……”。如：

There is no getting over the difficulty. 这困难无法克服。

There’s no telling what will happen. 无法说得上将发生什么。

There is no knowing what he will do next. 无法知道他下一步要干什么。

2. 表示不允许：此时表示“不许……”“不准……”。如：

There is no photographing here. 这里不许拍照。

Sorry, there is no smoking in the waiting room. 对不起，等候室不许吸烟。