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一.单项选择方面

冠词： 冠词： (1)a/an 的区分： 注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母 u 本身的音/ju：/，前面加a. 如.a useful book, a university, . a usual chair; 如果发以外的音， 前面加 an：如an unusual chair, an unimportant, an umbrella, 常考还有 an honest boy . a European country (2) 球类,棋类运动和三餐饭前不加 the play football ，play chess. have breakfast.西洋乐器前加 the play the violin，play the piano (3)高难度竞赛题 a“u” ;an“h” ;an “s” ;an “x”连词 (1) 连词现象： Although ，though 与 but 通常不连用。 because 与 so 不连用 。if (如果)与 then 不连用。 (2) 就近一致连词 neither...nor , either...or ,not only...but also not...but... there be句型(3) 句型转换常见的：连接句子与 to do 形式 ，because +句子(有完整主谓结构)because of +介词宾语(名词等)， in order to do (in order not to do ) 和in order that +句子， so as to和 so as that +句子 ，so...that +句子 与too...to do 及enough to do ，so good a book that +句子与 such a good book that+句子 so good that+句子 (4) 重要联词的应用 最近中招常考 unless(=if not)除非， or 否则(威胁，劝告)， as if / as though (仿佛)， even if / even though (即使)， not...until (直到...才) ，

介词 (1) 介词+doing 介词+ 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late. The book is for you. The knife is used for cutting things. Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用“I” ) 关联记忆：介意 Mind + doing Would you mind my smoking here? (2) on  in  at 的用法： 表时间：on(天优先，只要涉及天的概念就用 on) in(时段) at (时刻) ; ; on the morning of April 1st. on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚 at the same time (3) 表伴随： with / without ，或 doing She is a girl with long hair. She is a girl wearing a new dress.

(4)表方式： by bike，on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数 What time is it by your watch. . The boss pays us by week.  He beat her with a book.(with 后要带 a 或复数) speak in English Write in ink (5)介词(不加 the)+名词 at table 在桌旁，且在吃饭(两层意思)at the table 在桌旁，具体干什么不清楚 in hospital(生病住院)和in the hospital(在医院)的区别

名词 (1) 单复数特殊变化： 男man-men、女woman-women、脚 foot-feet、牙tooth-teeth、鹅 goose-geese、孩子child-children、 people(可数名词),sheep, deer(鹿)fish 单复数同形。 中日不变，英法变，其余后面加s  Americans，Germans (2) 名词的复数重心转移： This is an old pair of shoes. I want a new pair . (3) 带性别的复合词组： 有woman 和man两个表示性别的词做定语修饰后面的名词时变复数，两者同时变复数。2 women(变)doctors(变)，4 men teachers ,6 bus lines(只变最后一词)

动词 (1)动词变化三大黄金法则：主谓一致 ，就近一致， 双动词关系 主谓一致：谓语动词跟着主语发生变化 第三人称单数现象(集体名词做主语) Our class are playing football now (与人有关的动作) Our class is a small one (整体) 主谓一致之就近一致(必考) ： There be 句型、 Either or、 Neither...nor... 、not only...but also.. Not only they but also I am wrong. 时态一致：从句与主句时态一致 He said he had been there for an hour. He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态) He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误，应改为一般现在时态) 时态一致之时态变异(必考) ： A——瞬间动词的-ing 形式表将来 The plane is taking off in an hour. The old man is dying.(将要死了) B——条件状语从句：一般现在时表将来 I don't know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you. I will ring you as soon as I finish my work. I won’t go out until my homework is done. 典型考题： A—I will go swimming. B—If you go, so will I. 双动词关系：

单句中，若有两个动词(be 动词，行为动词，不包括助动词) ，他们的关系有四种： and 连接连接两个动词——动作先后或并列发生，前后形式一致   有些动词如forget 、remember等词后接 to do——表示动作未做，准备做 改为 doing——动作正在做或已做  某些动词后改为-ed 形式——后一动作被动发生 特例：* 使、让(make ，let， have) 主动不带 to，被动带 to make sb. do /make sb not do/be made to do let sb. do * The teacher asked the students to stop talking and to listen to her. * I have my car repaired.(我请人修理了我的车。车被人修) I have repaired my car.(我修理了我的车。现在完成时态) I have him repair my car.(我让他修我的车。Have sb. do sth)

动词分类与句型转换 be 动词 am, is, are, was, were 助动词(1)do, does, did—帮助行为动词做句型转换 (2)have, has, had will, would, shall, should 帮助表时态 (3)can, may, must, need 帮助表情态 行为动词 like, cry, smile...等等(占 99%) 行为动词的所有句型转换均需 do 家族三兄弟 do、does 或 did 帮忙 Be 动词、助动词不需任何帮忙 I don't have lunch at home. Neither do you. (前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装) I have been here an hour. So have you. (前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装) A —I bought a new book ,Tom. B —So you did.(I 和 you 指同一个人，主谓不倒装) (3) 初中重点动词短语 四个 to 后接—ing 形式的短语(to 在该短语中作介词用) prefer doing sth.to doing sth.—prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.  like ... better than.----prefer to do sth.   be used to doing (习惯于...) used to do (过去通常) be used to do (被用来做...) look forward to doing 盼望 make a contribution to doing 采取措施/为......做贡献 重要短语或相关词 turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down ,take off，land on ,put on, wear, dress, wear out, in red, eat up, sell out, put away, put off 人花费 spend... (in) doing sth 。spend on sth 。pay... for... 。payment 报酬，repay to回复

物花费 It takes... to do cost cost 价值 speak in English, say it in English,say a word  tell a story/joke, talk about sth.、 talk with sb. 、talk to sb. (4) 表事物特征常用一般现在时 The pen writes well. The music sounds nice. The food tastes nice. The book sells well.

形容词、副词 (1)比较 A=B as +原形+ as / not as (so). +原形+.. as...  A>B more...than...比较级标志词——than  A< B less...than... 最高级 典型标志词：in ,of , among 最高级和比较级的转换： The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India. A≠B 用比较级解释句子 This food isn't so delicious as that food. This food is less delicious than this food. 或 That food is more delicious than this food. 必须掌握的修饰比较级的四个词： much, a little, even, far  He is much taller than Tom. 比较级、最高级的不规则变化： 口诀：两病两多并两好，距离老远少迟到 bad/badly/ill : worse worst  much/many : more most good/well : better best  far : farther farthest--further furthest  old : older oldest-- elder eldest  little :less least

后接形容词的动词 be 动词 感官动词：look taste smell feel sound 使和让： make let 变与不变： get go change turn keep remain He looks tired The food tastes nice so it sells well.