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3．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型：

1）在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加er，est。

(1)一般情况在词尾加-er，est。如：hard harder hardest

(2)以字母e结尾的只加-r，-st。如：large larger largest

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er，est。如：healthy healthier healthiest

(4)单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-er，est。如：thin thinner thinnest

注：词尾为ow，er，le结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：

narrow narrower narrowest

clever cleverer cleverest

simple simpler simplest

2）在多音节和部分双音节词的词前加more，most。另外，由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都用这种形式。如：

serious more serious most serious

popular more popular most popular

tired more tired most tired

pleased more pleased most pleased

3)不规则变化：

good/well better best

bad/ill/badly worse worst

many/much more most

little less least

far farther/further farthest/furthest

old older/elder oldest/eldest

4．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1）同级比较。常用句型为：

肯定结构：as+形容词(副词)原级+ as

否定结构：not so (as)+形容词(副词)原级+as如： Our garden is as beautiful as theirs.

Jane didn't write as/so carefully as her elder sister.

上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：This room is three times as large as that one.

2）程度不等的比较，常与than连用，其基本句型是： A+形容词(副词)比较级+ than B

如：

Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. Which do you like better, strawberries or grapes?

3）最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：

the+形容词(副词)最高级+比较范围(of/among/in短语) 如： Spring is the best season in Shanghai.

David is the cleverest among the three brothers. Tom jumps (the) farthest of all the students.

注：副词的最高级前the可以省略。

5．学习比较等级时的—些注意事项

1）比较的对象应当一致。如：

It's hotter in Guangzhou than Beijing.(误)

It's hotter in Guangzhou than in Beijing.(正)

A woman's heart beats faster than a man.(误)

A woman's heart beats faster than a man’s.(正)

2)不能与自身相比较。应借助other或else来表达排除。