4 宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。(直接宾语、间接宾语详见后面五种基本句型)。

She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语)

她正在弹钢琴。

He often helps me.(代词作宾语)

他常常帮助我。

He likes to sleep in the open air.(不定式作宾语)

他喜欢在露天睡觉。

We enjoy living in China.(动名词作宾语)

我们高兴住在中国。

5状语

状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。(详见副词)

He did it carefully.(副词作状语)

他仔细、认真地做这项工作。

Without his help，we couldn't work it out.

(介词短语作状语)

如果没有他的帮助，我们不可能解决这个问题。

(In order) to catch up with my classmates， I must study hard.(不定式作目的状语)

为了赶上我的同学，我必须努力学习。

6 定语

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词又可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。

The black bike is mine . (形容词作定语)

I have something to do . (不定式作定语)

英语五个基本句式

从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些

动词用在某一句式中，下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考。

1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓)

Time flies.

1) S + V + adverbial(状语)

Birds sing beautifully.

2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)

He went on holiday.

3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)

We stopped to have a rest.

4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词)

I'll go swimming.

2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)

We like English.

1) S + VT + N/Pron

I like music.

I like her.

2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式)

I want to help him.

常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,

propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。

3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive

I don't know what to do.

常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,

observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。

4) S + VT + Gerund

I enjoy living here.

常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss,

practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。

5) S + VT + That-clause

I don't think (that) he is right.

常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得)

, hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see

(看出)，show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪)。

3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)

We are Chinese.

除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。

4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,

hang等。

1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词)

He is a boy.

This is mine.

2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词)

She is beautiful.

3) S + Lv + Adv (副词)

Class is over.

4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase

He is in good health.

5) S + Lv + Participle(分词)

He is excited.

The film is interesting.

4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接 宾) + D O(直接 宾)

I give you help.

1) S + VT + N/Pron + N

I sent him a book.

I bought May a book.

2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase

He sent a book to me.

He bought a coat for me.

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来)， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,

pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，

save, sing, spare等。

5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾) + O C(宾补)

I make you clear.

1) S + VT + N/Pron + N

We named our baby Tom.

常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj

He painted the wall white.

常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,

want, wash, wipe, wish等。

3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase

She always keeps everything in good order.

4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive

I wish you to stay.

I made him work

常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,

expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,

teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,

notice, see, watch等。

5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词)

I heard my name called.

I feel something moving.

常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,

observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。

6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive

He show me how to do it.

常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。

7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause

He told me that the film was great.

常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。

S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause

He asked me what he should do.

常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.

这篇2017年中考英语考点的内容，希望会对各位同学带来很大的帮助。

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