三分之一： a / one third 三分之二： two thirds

四分之一： a / one fourth 或a / one quarter

四分之三： three fourths或three quarters。

五分之一： a / one fifth 五分之二： two fifths 其它类推。

若分数所在of短语作主语，谓语依of后的名词而定：

A third of the boys have passed the test. A third of the work has been over。

Two fifths of the students are on time. Two fifths of the land is polluted。

(of后是可数名词复数时，谓语用复数;of后是不可数名词时，谓语用单数。)

12.到达：1get to + 地点 get to Shanghai / London / China

接地点副词时，不带to. get there / home / here。

2arrive in+大地点(如Beijing / Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地点(如school / hospital)

arrive只作不及物动词，所以也可单独用：Please ring me up when you arrive。

3reach只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reach Beijing / England

但常不说reach home / there / here。

13.感叹句：1What + 名词短语+主语+谓语!此情况下主、谓常可省略。

What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work (it is)! What good news (it is)!

What a good idea! What bad weather (it is)! What clever girls (you are)!

2How +形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!

How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How rude you are!

How carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is!

14.because/ instead / out等与加of的区别：

1because 后接句子，because of 接名词或代词。

He didn’t come because he was ill. / because of his illness。

2instead是副词，单独在句尾。instead of 后要接名词或代词。

We didn’t have rice, we had noodles instead. / instead of it。

3out 副词，可单独用，但若接地点，先加of。(也可作介词， “向…外”，

可不加of. 一般不要求掌握。) He went out early。或He went out of the house early。

15.too much, too many与much too:

much too“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。much too big / slowly等。

too much“太多的”，加不可数名词。too much work / rain等。

too many“太多的”，加可数复数。too many books / people等。

(以上每个短语可依第二个词来决定其后要接什么词。)

16. alone / lonely: 1alone,“独自一人;单独”不含感情色彩。

可当形容词，但只在系动词后作表语：Jack is alone. 杰克是单身。

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