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谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。例如：

1)The new term begins on September 1st .(行为动词作谓语)

2)She seems tired. (连系动词作谓语)

3)He has gone to Beijing. (行为动词作谓语)

3.宾语：及物动词涉及的人或物称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词(或相当于及物动词的短语)后。介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此外，动词不定式、动名词和从句也可作宾语。例如：

1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代词me作间接宾语;名词a novel作直接宾语)

2)The medicine is good for a cough. ( 名词a cough作介词宾语)

3)My little sister always likes to ask questions. (不定式to ask questions作动词likes 的宾语)

4)His brother is good at playing chess. (动词名词playing chess作介词宾语)

5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (coming作动词宾语)

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