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初 中 语 法 项 目 表 ( 加“*”号的项目只要求理解)

1. 词类：1)名词 2)形容词 3)副词 4)动词 5)代词 6)冠词 7)数词 8)介词 9)连词 10)感叹词

*2. 构词法：

1)合成法 classroom, something, reading-room

2)派生法 worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness,

cloudy, unhappy

3)转化法 hand (n. )—hand (v. )

dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )

3. 名词

1)可数名词和不可数名词

2)名词的复数

3)专有名词

4)所有格

4. 代词

1)人称代词的主格和宾格形式

2)物主代词的形容词与名词性形式

3)反身代词 myself, himself, ourselves, etc.

4)指示代词 this, that, these, those

5)不定代词 some, any, no, etc.

6)疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc.

5. 数词 基数词和序数词

6. 介词 词汇表中所列介词的基本用法

7. 连词 词汇表中所列连词的基本用法

8. 形容词

1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法

2)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法

( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most

( 2)基本句型

as+原级形式+as. . .

not as ( so)+原级形式+as. . .

比较级形式+than. . .

the+最高级形式+. . . in ( of). . .

9. 副词

1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法

2)疑问副词when, where, how

3)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)

( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most

( 2)基本句型

as+原级形式+as. . .

not as ( so)+原级形式+as. . .

比较级形式+than. . .

the+最高级形式+. . . in ( of). . .

*10. 冠词 一般用法

11. 动词

*1)动词种类

( 1)行为动词或实义动词

1及物动词

2不及物动词

( 2)连系动词 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.

( 3)助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.

( 4)情态动词 can, may, must, need, etc.

2)时态

( 1)一般现在时

i get up at six o'clock every morning.

he doesn't speak russian.

they are very busy.

the moon moves round the earth.

when you see him, tell him to come to my place.

i'll go to see you tonight if i'm free.

( 2)一般过去时

i was in grade one last year.

i got up at five yesterday.

( 3)一般将来时

1. shall ( will)+动词原形

i shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.

she will be here tomorrow.

2. be going to+动词原形

i'm going to help him.

( 4)现在进行时

we're reading the text now.

they're waiting for a bus.

( 5)现在完成时

i have already posted the letter.

they have lived here for ten years.

* ( 6)过去进行时

we were having a meeting this time yesterday.

the teacher was talking to some parents when i saw her.

* ( 7)过去完成时

we had learned four english songs by the end of last year.

the film had already begun when i got to the cinema.

she said that she had not heard from him since he left beijing.

* ( 8)过去将来时

he said he would go to the cinema that evening.

betty said she was going to visit her uncle next sunday.

3)被动语态

( 1)一般现在时的被动语态

english is taught in that school.

( 2)一般过去时的被动语态

the song was written by that worker.

( 3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态

she must be sent to hospital at once.

4)动词不定式

* ( 1)作主语

to learn a foreign language is not easy.

it is not easy to learn a foreign language.

( 2)作宾语

they began to read.

( 3)作宾语补足语

jim asked me to help him with his lessons.

we often heard her sing.

* ( 4)作定语

i have an important meeting to attend.

( 5)作状语

she went to see her grandma yesterday.

( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之后

i don't know how to use a computer.

do you know when to start?

he didn't know what to do next.

12. 句子种类

1)陈述句 ( 肯定式和否定式)

2)疑问句 ( 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)

3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式)

*4)感叹句

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