(3)无主题句

有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢?其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。请看2004年江西省中考试题阅读理解A:

Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey(蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didn’t want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.

Scientists could not control(控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.

Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting(叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.

Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.?

在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：

59. The best title of the passage is ____________.

A. How to make more honey B. Killer bees

C. A foolish scientist D. How to feed killer bees

评析：这篇短文就没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢?按照上面的说明，我们可以得出

每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killer bees”的产生。

第二段讲的是“killer bees” 的急剧增加。

第三段讲的是人们害怕“killer bees”的原因。

第四段讲的是“killer bees”已经杀死的人数和将来的

状况。

从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是

围绕“killer bees”这一中心展开的。换句话说，“killer bees”就是这篇文章的主题。

2.如何根据上下文猜测词义?

猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们

可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2)运用语法知识进行语法分析。

3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。

(1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理猜测义：

例1：甘肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:

A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”…. Now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” 短文后面有一个理解题目：

John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he

________.

A. makes everyone know a secret

B. the woman bout a cat

C. buys a cat in the bag

D. sells the cat in the bag

评析：在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”.

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