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2016浙江温州中考英语知识点梳理:主谓一致讲解

编辑:sx_jixia

2016-02-05

科学安排、合理利用,在这有限的时间内中等以上的学生成绩就会有明显的提高,为了复习工作能够科学有效,为了做好中考复习工作全面迎接中考,下文为各位考生准备了中考英语知识点梳理

【考点直击】

1. 语法一致的原则

2. 意义一致的原则

3. 邻近一致的原则

【名师点睛】

谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓

一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

1. 语法一致的原则

(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:

He goes to school early every morning.

The children are playing outside.

To work hard is necessary for a student.

(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

Both he and I are right.

Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:

His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

The poet and writer has come.

(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

Each man and each woman is asked to help.

(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

Nobody but two boys was late for class.

Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:

A lot of people are dancing outside.

The police are looking for lost boy.

(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:

Is everybody ready?

Somebody is using the phone.

(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:

Here are some new pairs of shoes.

My new pair of socks is on the bed.

2. 意义一致的原则

(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:

Twenty years is not a long time.

Ten dollars is too dear.

(2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:

My family is big one.

My family are watching TV.

(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:

All of the work has been finished.

All of the people have gone.

(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:

Who is your brother?

Who are League members?

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