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一、短对话的考核要求和复习策略

短对话部分注重对口头习惯用语及相关结构理解的考查，所涉及的内容领域/主题主要有：提供帮助和回复、劝告和建议、遗憾和同情、恳求和应答、判断和建议、报告和惊奇、询问和意愿、询问和意见、关心和请求、信息和建议、信息和判断、抱怨和回复等。

如2014年高考短对话第4题：

4. A. A disaster.

B. A new roof.

C. A performance.

D. A TV station.

[正确选项] A

[测量目标] 听/能归纳话语的主旨大意

[主题/内容]遗憾和同情

[原文材料]

W: CCTV is reporting an enormous flood now. Look at those people on the roof!

M: I hope it doesn’t cause much damage.

Q: What are the two speakers talking about?

[试题分析]听懂对话，根据男士所说“中央电视台正在报道一次洪灾。看!那些人都躲到屋顶上去了”，以及女士的回答“希望没有造成很大的损失”，可以归纳出他们正在谈论一次洪灾。

[答题分析]据统计，本题难度0.52，区分度0.51。听懂对话并能做出正确选择的考生占到51.63%。24.73%的考生选择C，20.70%的考生选择D，他们可能没有听懂说话人所谈论的主要内容，只是根据听到的“CCTV”这一关键词而错误地认为对话是关于某次演出或者某个电视台。

又如2013年高考短对话第4题：

A. To a stationery shop.

B. To a gymnasium.

C. To a paint store.

D. To a news stand.

[正确选项] A

[测量目标]听/能根据话语中的事实信息进行简单推断

[主题/内容]信息与意愿

[原文材料]

W: My printer is out of paper. I will run and get some.

M: I will go with you. I need some fresh air.

Q: Where will the speakers probably go?

[试题分析]听懂对话，根据男士所说“打印纸用完了，我出去买一点”，以及女士的回答“我和你一起去吧，我需要呼吸一下新鲜空气”，可以推断出他们最有可能去文具店买纸。

[答题分析]据统计，本题难度0.46，区分度0.36。听懂对话并能做出正确选择的考生占到45.83%。42.79%的考生选择C，他们可能没有理解男士所说的内容，只是根据听到的“my printer”这一信息来进行选择，同时，本题做错的考生也有可能因为不知选项A中的“stationery”一词是何义，但该词为《词汇手册》中要求掌握的词汇。

[复习策略]

分析近年高考英语短对话部分的真题，不难发现，注重考查习惯用语及相关结构的理解已经成为短对话考查的方向，对此考生必须要保持关注，并且注意积累相关的习惯用语，这样才能做到有的放矢。笔者提供以下几例专门考查习惯用语的短对话试题供操练。应重点关注标注下画线的习惯用语。

例1：M: That’s an amazing sculpture, isn’t it?

W: You can say that again!

Q: What does the woman mean?

A. She agrees with the man.

B. She didn’t hear what the man said.

C. She is surprised by his opinion.

D. She thinks he should look at it again.

例2：M: Do you have any idea what this notice’s about?

W: I am as much in the dark as you are.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A. She doesn’t understand it either.

B. She can’t see the writing on the board.

C. She thinks the room is too dark.

D. She didn’t really notice the mark.

例3：W: The lecture this morning was so boring!

M: I’ll say. I had one eye on the clock the whole time.

Q: What does the man mean?

A. He found the topic uninteresting.

B. He hurt his eye this morning.

C. The clock was a very unusual one.

D. The lecture was more than one hour long.

例4：W: Listen, Joe, you’ve already taken the exam. Just forget about it.

M: That’s easier said than done.

Q: What does Joe mean?

A. He forgot to take the exam.

B. He hopes that he will do better on the next exam.

C. That exam was easier than the last one.

D. It will be difficult for him to forget about the exam.