关于这篇高考英语阅读填空题，希望大家认真阅读，好好感受，勤于思考，多读多练，从中吸取精华。

一、高考真题(2005年湖南省高考英语阅读填空题)

阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后76～85的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。注意：每空不超过3个单词。

The population of the United States is growing older and will continue to do so. According to a report，39 million Americans will be 65 or older by the year 2010， 51 million by 2020， and 65 million by 2030.

The“graying”of the United States is mainly due to the fact that people in the U. S. are living longer. As a matter of fact， the number of U.S. citizens 85 years old and older is growing six times as fast as the rest of the population. It is also largely due to the old-growing of the“baby boomers”，the generation born after World War Ⅱ. In 1957， over 4.3 million babies were born. More than 75 million Americans were born between 1946 and 1964，the largest generation in U.S. history. In less than twenty years，millions of them will become elderly people.

The“graying”of the U.S. will greatly affect the nation’s family and workforce. One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit;it will move away from the nuclear family and towards a multigenerational family. The other likely development will be a change in the proportion (比例) of the nation’s workforce. In 1989 there were 3.5 workers for every person 65 and older;by the year 2030， there will only be 2 workers for every person 65 and older.

Title: 76. ________

【参考答案】

76. Graying U.S.          77. By 2010          78. Causes/ Reasons          79. Citizens’ longer living          80. Effects / Results          81. Family unit change          82. Workforce proportion change               83. Nuclear family          84. Workers          85. In 1989

二、试题分析

1.试题结构

2005年湖南省高考英语阅读填空题材料正文200来字，比考纲要求的300字左右要少得多，这就意味着信息较为集中，表格中的设空也较密集，考生解题时可参考的信息较少，使试题的难度增大。

2.设题特点

(1) 捕捉信息题：共4题，它们是第77、83、84和85题。这类题属基础题，考生通过阅读，基本上能从短文中直接找到相关的信息，在无需加工的条件下直接填空。

(2) 组织信息题：共3题，它们是第79、81和82题。这类题属活用题，考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，按题目“每空不超过3个单词”的要求，将捕捉到的信息进行再加工，浓缩在3个单词以内。如第79小题，从短文中我们找到的相关信息是：The“graying”of the United States is mainly due to the fact that people in the U.S. are living longer.然后将这么长的一个句子压缩成“Citizens’ longer living”。这就考查了考生的语言表达能力。第81题的原信息是：One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit.第82题的原信息是：The other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nation’s workforce.如果将这两个句子全部填入空格中，显然不能得分，必须进行信息重组，将句子的核心内容浓缩在3个字以内，这两个句子的核心内容分别是“Family unit change”和“Workforce proportion change”。

(3) 综合信息题：共3题，它们是第76、78和80题。这类题属综合概括题，第76题之前标有“Title”字样，显然是要求考生写出文章的标题。文章的标题就是文章的中心，要有醒目性、概括性和针对性。细读短文，我们不难发现文章每段都围绕“The‘graying’of the U.S.”这一主题进行阐述。短文开头就明确指出“美国人口老龄化”，第二段指出“人口老龄化产生的原因”，第三段阐述了“人口老龄化所带来的影响”。综合上述信息，遵照“每空不超过3个单词”的要求进行重组，可得出“Graying U.S.”，它意为“逐渐老龄化的美国”。

第78、80题是对该行(栏)所有信息进行综合概括，我们可以称之为“行(栏)标题”。从表格第二行中的一个信息“Baby boomers’ old-growing”可得出，此行是有关“人口老龄化产生的原因”方面的信息，因此可以概括该行的标题词为“Causes/ Reasons”。同理，解答第80小题，对该行所有的信息进行概括可得出“人口老龄化所带来的影响”，可用“Effects / Results”来表达。

要准确无误地概括出“文章的主题或行(栏)标题”，考生不仅需要具有综合信息的能力，而且还要有较强的语言表达能力。