Ⅰ. 词汇学习

familiar ，be familiar with ，cap， note， can ( n . ) ， hammer ，memory， tin ，marry ，get married ，single ，square， otherwise， perform， wedding， musical ，generation ，learn， by heart ，in praise of， hero ，nowadays， passerby ( 复数形式是： passers - by )，pattern， root ，thought ，gay ，ray ，part ( vt . ) ，soul ，iron，ironing ，board， whisper，jazz， folk， instrument， violin ，earn one's living ，drum ，carol ，flaming， fade

Ⅱ. 交际英语

1. I think at the beginning we'd rather have …

2. I'd prefer them not to…

3. I'd rather have … to start .

4. I'd rather not have …

5. Have you decided … ?

6. I've decided to …

Ⅲ. 语法学习

- ing 形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法

1 . 动词的 ing 形式包括名词和现在分词，二者都可作表语。如：

Our job is playing all kinds of music . ( 动名词 )

The music they are playing sounds so exciting . ( 现在分词 )

注：一般来讲，动名词 ( 短语 ) 作表语，主表可互换，即：Playing all kinds of music is our job .

现在分词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，主表不可互换。

2 . - ing 形式做定语可以表示 1 ) 所修饰名词的用途。如：

a waiting room ( =a room for waiting ) 候车室

a walking stick ( =a stick for walking ) 手杖

a sleeping car ( =a car for sleeping ) 卧车

2 ) 所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式。 如：

a waiting man ( =a man who is waiting ) 正等待着的男人

a sleeping child ( =a child who is sleeping ) 正睡觉的孩子

a walking man ( =a man who is walking ) 正散步的男人

3 . 在 see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等感观动词后可以用 - ing 形式做宾语补足语。这时 - ing 形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且 - ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：

He saw a girl getting on the tractor . ( =He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor . ) 他看见一个女孩在往拖拉机上爬。

Do you hear someone knocking at the door? 有人敲门你听见了吗?

【指点迷津】

Ask the students to use the information from the reading passage to describe what they have learnt about music .

Kinds of music

More details

Folk music

It has been passed down from one generation to another . At first it was never written down . People learned the songs from their families , relatives , neighbours and friends in the same village . These songs were about the country life , the seasons , animals and plants , and about love and sadness in people's lives .

African music

It plays an important part in people's lives , especially for work , and at festivals and weddings , when people dance all night long .

Indian music

It's not written down . There is a basic pattern of notes which the musician follows . But a lot of modern music is also written . India also produces films with music , and millions of records are sold every year .

Music in the Caribbean

The slaves who were brought from Africa developed their own kind of music . West Indians make musical instruments out of large oil cans . They hit different parts of the drum with hammers to produce different notes . This type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to .

Jazz

Jazz was born in the USA around 1890 . It came from work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa . Jazz started developing in the 1920s in the southern states , Soon it was played by white musicians , too , and reached other parts of the USA .

二、学海导航

【学法指要】

单元重点词汇点拨

1 . familiar 意为“世所周知，熟悉的;看惯的，听惯的，耳熟的”，其后通常跟介词 to 连用。例如：

a familiar face / voice 熟悉的脸 / 声音

His name is familiar to me , but I haven't met him .

These tales are familiar to Chinese children .

familiar 还可以表示“ ( 某人 ) 熟悉 ( 某事 ) 的，精通……的，通晓……的”，其后通常可以跟介词 with 连用。

例如：

He is more familiar with modern jazz than I .

I am not familiar with the names of plants .

通过以上例句我们可以看出：

①事物当主语时，作“为人所熟悉”解，与 to 连用;但人当主语时，作“熟悉某事物”解时，则与 with 连用。又如：

Alpine plants are familiar to him . ( =He is familiar with alpine plants . )

②人当主语而与 with 连用时，with 之后若接事物的话就是“熟悉”之意，若接人的话就变成了“亲密”之意，但这个“亲密”往往很容易变成“亲昵、放肆”。

2 . marry 用作动词，意为“结婚;嫁，娶，与……结婚”，其名词形式为 marriage , 形容词形式为 married。例如：He married a classmate from high school .

Kate married a Frenchman last year .

He married his daughter to a doctor .

Mr Smith married Miss Kate five years ago .

另外，短语 be married ( to ) 意为“与……结婚，嫁给”;get marred ( to ) 意为“与……结婚，嫁给……”;marry sb . to 意为“把……嫁给……”。例如：

The old couple have already been married for fifty years .

She has got married to a man from her hometown .

They married their youngest daughter to a man with a lot of money .

3 . perform 用作动词，意为“执行，完成，做;演出，表演”。例如：

They computer performs these calculations with surprising speed .

The surgeon was performed a dangerous operation .

The singer had never performed in Beijing before .

He will be performing on the flute tonight .

4 . praise 可用作及物动词，意为“赞扬，表扬”，例如：

He was praised for his good works .

They praised him for risking his life to save his comrade .

He was praised for finishing his work ahead of time .

praise 还可以用作名词，意为“赞扬;赞扬的话 ( 用复数 ) ”。例如：

My books received high praise from general readers .

The teacher's praise had greatly encouraged us .

The praise of mine usually made the students feel very happy .

5 . nowadays 用作副词，表示与以前相比，意为“时下;现今”，常与一般现在时动词连用。例如：

Nowadays a lot of people go abroad .

Nowadays young people prefer watching TV to reading books .

They used to read novels , but nowadays they read newspapers .

单元词组思维运用

1 . in praise of 意为“称赞，赞扬 ( =to praise ) ”。例如：

He made a report in praise of country life .

We all spoke in praise of the boy's courage and bravery .

2 . learn … by heart 意为“记住;背诵”。例如：

I have learned the reading materials by heart .

Have you learned by heart the main points of the article?

It's very difficult for the children to learn the poem by heart .

3 . earn one's living 意为“谋生;挣钱”。例如：

He had to earn his living at the his early age .

The fishermen earned their living by fishing .

Some people earn their living by writing stories .

4 . play the guitar / piano / violin / flute , 英语中表示乐器的名词前通常要用定冠词。

I used to play the flute after school , but I usually operate the computer at present .

She couldn't learn to play the piano quite well without a teacher .

Which can you play better , the guitar or the flute?

The lady often enjoyed herself by playing the violin after supper

单元难点疑点思路明晰

1 . I'd prefer them not to play too loudly at the beginning . 我宁愿让他们开始时别那么大声演奏。

prefer 宁愿……，喜欢…… ( 甚于喜欢 )

prefer sb . to do sth . 宁可 ( 某人 ) 做某事 ( 不定式作宾补 )

They preferred their son to go to college .

They preferred her not to go with them .

prefer sth . / doing to sth . / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢

prefer tea to coffee .

I prefer reading novels to watching TV .

prefer to do… rather than do … 宁愿…而不愿…

I prefer to go to the movies rather than stay home .

=I prefer going to the movies to staying home .

=I would rather go to the movies than stay home .

2 . Otherwise we won't be able to hear ourselves talk . 否则我们就听不到自己讲话的声音了。

( 1 ) otherwise ( corj ) 否则，不然， =or =or else .

Hurry up , otherwise you'll be late .

Don't move , otherwise I'll shoot you .

( 2 ) hear sb . do sth . 听某人做某事

不定式作宾补省 to 的动词可按下面顺口溜记忆。

五看，三使役，二听，一感，半帮助，不定式作宾补，to 字要删去，主动变被动，宾补变主补，to 字要恢复。五看：see , watch , notice , look at , observe ; 三使役：have , let , make ; 二听：hear , listen to ; 一感觉：feel ; 半帮助：help

I saw Xiao Li enter the room just now . →Xiao Li was seen to enter the room just now .

help my mother ( to ) do some housework . →My mother is helped to do some housework .

3. Folk music has been passed down from one generation to another .

In this way stories were passed on from one person to another .

pass down / on 传下去，传授，传给

The news was passed on / down by word of mouth .

The teachers pass on their knowledge to the students .

pass by 经历 pass over 不重视 pass through 经历、穿过等

4. On festivals they used to act and sing in praise of heroes who lived long ago .

It plays an important part in people's lives , especially for work , and at festivals and weddings…它在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，特别是为了劳动，以及在节日和婚礼上…

on festivals at festivals 在节日。如果指节日当天，应用on 。 on Christmas Day 圣诞节那天 on Christmas Eve 圣诞节前夕 on New Year's Day 元旦那天 on Children's Day 在儿童节那天。但如果把节日视作一个时节，指节日的整个时期，则应用 at。 at Christmas 在圣诞节期间 at New Year 新年期间。

in praise of 意为“赞扬”

The leader spoke in praise of the man who had given his life for the cause . 领袖称赞那位为事业而捐躯的人。

介词 in + n . + of 常见短语

in front of 在……前面 in spite of 尽管，虽然 in charge of 负责 in favour of 支持……，赞成…… in face of 面对……，在……面前 in search of 寻找

5. India produces more films than any other country in the world . 印度摄制的影片比世界上任何其它国家都多。

=India produces the most films in the world .

※用比较级表达最高级的意义。

Xiao Li is taller than any other student in our class .

=Xiao Li is the tallest student in our class . 小李比我们班其它同学都高。

( other 后的名词应用单数形式 ) 。

比较级应注意避免和包括自身的对象比。

比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词

比较级 + than + all the other + 复数名词

比较级 + than + anyone else

Mary is taller than any other student in the class .

Mary is taller than any other girl in the class .

Mary is taller than anyone else in the class .

Mary is taller than all the boys in the class .

【妙文赏析】