Old Hill由于偷盗贵重的珠宝被关进了监狱。圣诞节快到了，牢房里只剩他一个人，他感到很寂寞。突然两个警察把一个年轻人关进了牢房。他打量那个衣着讲究的年轻人，可以判断他出身一个富有家庭。他问年轻人是为何被关进监狱。年轻人说他的汽车轮胎被酒瓶扎破了。Old Hill认为那也不犯法。最后年轻人拐弯抹角地说，那个酒瓶是在一个躺在街道上的醉汉的大衣里的(意思是他从醉汉身上碾了过去)。

1. 从后面所讲的别的囚犯都释放来看，Old Hill一个人在牢房里，要填alone。2. 从上下文可以得知，Old Hill由于偷盗贵重的珠宝才被关进监狱的。因此，应填valuable。3. Old Hill偷盗了贵重的珠宝，就得在监狱里呆五年多。应当填prison。4. 从监狱的看守买礼物来看，是圣诞节到了。故应填Christmas。5. 另外几个囚犯被释放了，牢房里只剩Old Hill一个人，他也就无法和任何人说话了。应填nobody。6. 那些警察在圣诞节以前，忙于给亲友买礼物。应当填busy。7. Old Hill感到寂寞，躺在床上也睡不着，要填asleep。8. Old Hill在挣钱养家的时候，自然很劳累。所以，应当填tired。9. 牢房有别的人，因此只要有动静，Old Hill就会听到的。应填heard。10. 门开了人才会进来。故应填opened。11. 警察在关进囚犯之后，先锁了门才能离开。要填locked。12. 那个年轻人自然是穿着好衣服。应填wore。13. 年轻人穿着讲究，当然是出身有钱人家庭。要直rich。14. Old Hill不知道那个年轻人为何也被带到监狱来。故应填brought。15. 年轻人认为他不走运，才出了那件事。应当填luck。16. 汽车轮胎扎破并不是大事故，而是一件很普通的事情。因此，应当填写ordinary。 17. 一般情况下，汽车轮胎扎上钉子，才会被扎破的。要填nail。18. 年轻人说他从一个酒瓶上驶过去，才把轮胎扎破了。Old Hill 就说他太粗心了。要填careless。19. Old Hill认为，年轻人从洒瓶上驶过去也不犯法，故应填law。20. 从年轻人的回答可以看出，那个醉汉是躺在街道上的。实际上， 他的汽车从醉汉身上驶过去了。这也是他被带到牢房的原因。要填lying。

三、智能显示

【心中有数】

单元语法发散思维

过去分词作定语、状语

〖思维〗一、过去分词作定语

1.过去分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在名词之前，分词短语必须放在名词之后，这种情况与现在分词作定语时相同。例如：

Her job was to take care of the (wounded) soldier .

We are doing our (written) exercises .

The machine (run by the old worker) is made in Shanghai .

2.过去分词作定语时，多表示已完成的动作，但有时其所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成。例如：

The houses (built in the 19th century) has been on fire for half and hour. (动作完成)

the workers demand (increased) wage . (尚未完成)

3. 及物动词的过去分词还可用来表示被动， 但也有少数动词(如fall, escape, boil等)的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成。例如：

the man spoken to(别人与之讲话的那个人)

boiled water(开过的水，表完成)

〖思维〗二、过去分词作状语

1.过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况的状语。

1)表时间。例如：

(Heated), the metal expands .这种金属加热后会膨胀。

(Asked) why he did it, he said it was his duty .

2)表原因。例如：

(Born in the village), he knows a lot of people there .

3)表条件。例如：

(United), we stand; (divided), we fail .团结则存，分裂则亡。

(Given more time), I can do it better .

4)表让步。

Although (exhausted) after a long journey, he continued to work .

5)表方式或伴随情况。例如：

The professor stood there (surrounded) by many students .

〖思维〗三、尤其需要注意的是：过去分词无论作什么状语，其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。

1.【误】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small .

【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small .

2.【误】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter .

【正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake .

【动脑动手】

单元能力立体检测

一、过去分词精练

1. The programs ____ (put) on yesterday evening were really wonderful.

2. ____ (send) to the hospital immediately, the wounded soldier was saved.

3. You'd better not get the plastic bags and boxes ____ (burn), for it will give off some harmful gas and pollutants into the air.

4. The firefighters are trying their best to rescue all the people ____ (trap) in the fire.

5. ____ (encourage) by the teacher's words, the boy was determined to work harder and make greater progress.

6. The little girl was very ____ (frighten) at a frightening voice.

7. They found the house ____ (break) into and rang up the police at once.

8. The bridge that was ____ (build) twenty years ago needs repairing.

9. If ____ (give) more time, we could do it better.

10. ____ (excite) at the good news, he could not go to sleep.

11. The manager had every room ____ (examine) carefully.

12. Unless ____ (invite), I won't go to the ball tomorrow.

13. ____ (destroy) in the earthquake, the equipment doesn't work.

14. ____ (absorb) in the research work, he had no time to make any trip.

15. In the paper is a carefully ____ (decide) policy.

16. The first film ____ (direct) by her was very popular with the public.

17. The students have cleared away the ____ (fall) leaves.

18. I saw a lot of banners ____ (hang) from public buildings.

参考答案：1. put 2. Sent 3. burnt 4. trapped 5. Encouraged 6. frightened 7. broken 8. built 9. given 10. Excited 1. examined 12. invited 13. Destroyed 14. Absorbed 15. decided 16. directed 17. fallen 18. hung

二、单项填空

1. This dictionary is as good as ____ .

A. neither B. never C. any D. some

〖解析〗这本字典与任何一本字典一样好，故选C。

2. The hospital is not ____ it was ten years ago .

A. that B. as C. when D. which

〖解析〗as在此引导表语从句，意为“像……的样子/那样”。如: The cottage is just as it was in Shakespeare's time.这幢小屋恰好和莎士比亚时期的一样。 正确答案为B。

3. The hungry farmer came down to eat the dishes ____ , not even wearing his shoes .

A. after a short while B. in a hurry C. in that case D. in the way

〖解析〗先看看四个介词短语的意义，after a short while “过了一会儿”， in a hurry“匆忙地，赶忙地”;in that case“若是那样”;in this way“用这种方法”。再根据句中所提供的“the hungry farmer”，“not even wearing his shoes”。 正确答案为B。又如：She came down to breakfast in a hurry , not having brushed her teeth .

4. To my ____ , the workers set up a carved figure in front of the building .

A. pleasing B. pleasure C. please D. pleasant

〖解析〗表示“使某人……的是”用“to one's+情感的抽象名词”，如to one's joy/surprise使某人高兴/惊奇的是，故正确答案为B。

5. Before ____ the medicine, ____ ought to study the instructions or follow a doctor's ____ .

A. you take, you, advise B. you take, one, advice

C. taking, one, advice D. taking, you, advise

〖解析〗从第三空前的doctor's可知第三空应用名词，不是动词，故先排除A、D。 若选B，那么从句与主句主语不一致。正确答案为C。

6. It's the third time that Kate has been ill, ____ ?

A. isn't it B. hasn't she C. isn't she D. hasn't it

〖解析〗陈述部分是主从复合句，变成附加疑问句时，一般应与主句的主语和谓语一致。that Kate has been ill是定语从句。it's是it is的缩写。故正确答案为A。不过，要提醒同学们注意的是：当陈述部分的主句是I think, I believe, I guess等结构时时， 附加疑问句要与后面的从句主谓一致。此时， 还要特别注意否定转移现象。 如：I don't think he is right, is he ?

7. —What ____ it be ?

— It ____ be a mail box, for it is moving . It ____ be a car .

A. can, can't, must B. can, can, must

C. can, mustn't must D. must, mustn't can

〖解析〗考查情态动词can, must的用法。must在表示“推测”时，只能用于肯定句中， 不能用于否定句中。can表推测时，可用于否定句和疑问句中，故先排除C、D，从for it is moving，可知第二空应填can't(不可能)，否则与第三空会自相矛盾。正确答案为A。

8. The fire ____ at 11 last night, but after the firefighters came, it ____ .

A. was broken out, was died out B. was broken out, died out

C. broke out, was died out D. broke out, died out

〖解析〗英语中有些动词或短语动词是不及物的，不能用于被动语态，同学们要一一牢记。常见的有：happen, last(持续)，appear, take place(发生)，break out (爆发)，die out(熄灭)，belong to(属于)。正确答案为D。

9. Whether or not it ____ tomorrow, we'll set out on time .

A. rains B. rained C. will rain D. should rain

〖解析〗whether or not 意为“是否，无论是不是，不管”，在此引导让步状语从句，从句谓语应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:Whether or not it rains, I will give a party tomorrow.不管下雨不下雨，明天我都要举行宴会。正确答案为A。

10. My friend John ____ while he ____ his bicycle and hurt himself .

A. had fallen, rode B. had fallen, was riding

C. fell, was riding D. fell, were riding

〖解析〗分析句子结构不难发现，第一空是和and hurt himself并列的，hurt在此时过去式，故第一空填fell。ride在while 引导的从句中表示进行性动作， John 就是在“was riding”中fell的。故正确答案为C。

11. I ____ her if I thought she would understand .

A. would tell B. will tell

C. would have told D. tell

〖解析〗这是考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。 条件从句用动词的过去式， 主句用would+动词原形。该句相当于：Because I don't think she will understand, I will not tell her .故选A。

12. The reason why she couldn't come to the meeting was ____ .

A. because she had not been invitedB. which she had not been invited

C. that she had not been invitedD. because of her not having been invited

〖解析〗主句是reason时，其表语从句通常不用because引导，而用that引导。先排除A、D。连接代词which引导表语从句时，要在从句中担任成分，因此选项B也不对， 正确答案非C莫属了。

13. ____ others say, the professor is sure that his theory is correct .

A. No matter B. It doesn't matter C. Whatever D. What

〖解析〗Whatever=no matter what 无论什么，whenever=no matter when 无论什么时候;however=no matter how无论怎样，它们都可引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever (=No matter what) you do, don't keep him waiting !无论你做什么，都不要让他久等!故选C。

【创新园地】

趣味句型变换

1. 不但学生们而且老师也都喜欢运动。

Not only the students but also the teacher is fond of sport .

The teacher____ ____ ____the students is fond of sport .

2. 除了物理之外，孩子们还学习数学。

The children study maths besides physics .

The children study____ ____physics ____maths .

3. 格林一家人总是对音乐感兴趣。

The Greens are always interested in music .

Music always____the Greens .

4. 五位医生和两位护士组成一个医疗队。

Five doctors and two nurses make up a medical team .

The medical team____ ____ ____ ____five doctors and two nurses .

5. 布朗先生拥有一幢新楼房。

Mr Brown owns(拥有) a new building .

The new building ____ Mr Brown .

6. 去年某个时候艾利斯嫁给了约翰。

Alice married John sometime last year .

John ____ ____ ____Alice sometime last year .

7. 他花了二十元买了一件夹克衫。

He bought a jacket for twenty yuan .

He ____twenty yuan____a jacket .

8. 她的叔你管理这所医院。

Her uncle is in charge of the hospital .

The hospital is in____ ____ ____her uncle .

9. 汤姆的父亲精通法语。

Tom's father is familiar with French .

French is ____ ____ Tom's father .

10. 上周他的朋友收到那封信。

The letter reached his friend last week .

His friend____ the letter last week .

答案：1. as well as 2. not only , but 3. interests 4. is made up of 5. belongs to 6. got married to 7. paid , for 8. in the charge of 9. familiar to 10. got / received