Instead,for all uses except the daily demand of the poor,governments should price water to reflect(反应) its actual value.This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.?

Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways.For example,often the cheapest way to provide irrigation(灌溉) water in the dry areas is through small-scale projects,such as gathering rainfall in depressions(凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.?

No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently,they must change their institutional(制度化的) and legal(法定的) approaches(方法) to water use.Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local,regional,and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use,countries should set up central authorities(管理机构) to coordinate(调节) water policy.

46.What is the real cause of the possible water crisis?

A.Only half of the world’s water can be used.

B.The world population is increasing faster and faster.

C.Half of the world’s water resources have been seriously polluted.

D.Man has not placed sufficient value on water resources.

答案:D

提示:人口问题、污染问题及有限的可利用水资源都是可能造成“水危机”的原因。但这些只是表面现象，真正的本质原因是人们没有valuing water，looking at water from a fresh economic view，故正确答案为D项。

47.According to the passage,the water problem _______.

A.is already serious in certain parts of the world

B.has been made to seem worse by some experts in the field

C.has made it necessary to build large reservoirs(水库)

D.is looked down upon by government organizations at different levels

答案:A

提示:文章开头作者就提到“Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and poverty in some areas”，由此推断在某些地方水的问题已经带来了严重后果。

48.According to the author,the water price should _______.

A.be reduced to the least degree B.excite daily demand

C.be equal to its real value      D.consider the occurrences of droughts

答案:C

提示:综观全文，作者旨在表明他的观点：人们要充分认识水资源的价值，经济地利用水，以免出现水危机。因此，A项降低水的价格、B项刺激日常需求都不正确;D项看似合理，但非作者的真正意图。

49.The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _______.

A.build big lakes to store water       B.build big pumping stations

C.build small and cheap irrigation systems D.pump water from nearby rivers to cropland

答案:C

提示:第五段谈到“For example,often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry areas is through small-scale projects,such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland。”small-scale”指“小规模的”，由此推知答案为C项。A、B项与文章内容不符;D项未提及。

50.In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply,we should _______.

A.guarantee(保证) full protection of the environment

B.centralize the management of water resources

C.increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels

D.encourage local and regional water resources

答案:B

提示:文章最后一句中的“countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy”表明，为了有效地利用水资源，政府应对其实行中央集权的管理，制定出统一的用水政策。

B

The Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.For centuries it kept the America from being discovered by the people of Europe.?

Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”.Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.Another idea was that the equator(赤道) the ocean would be boiling hot.?

The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific,but it is still very large.It is more than 4000 miles (6000 km) wide where Coumbus crossed it.Even at its narrowest it is about 2000 miles (3200 km) side.?

Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual.For so large an ocean it has very few islands.Also,it is the world’s saltiest ocean.

51.If sailors sail westward far into the Atlantic they will finally reach _______.

A.the equator  B.one of the other oceans C.one of the Americas  D.the edge of the world

答案:C

提示:推理判断题。根据文章第二句可知,大西洋几个世界以来一直阻隔着欧洲与美洲。由此可见,从大西洋向西航行,最终会到达美洲的一端。

52.Europeans would have discovered the New World if the Atlantic weren’t _______.

A.so salty      B.so hotC.so unusual    D.so large

答案:C

提示:归纳总结题。文中提到两种ideas说明Atlantic的unusual之处,正是由于受了这两种观念的禁锢,人们才长期没有发现美洲。因此本题最佳答案为C。

53.One of the reasons why early sailors were unwilling to sail far into the ocean was that _______.

A.at the equator the ocean was boiling hotB.they would reach the New World

C.they were afraid of failing off the edge of the world

D.the earth was not round

答案:C

提示:细节描述题。根据文章第四句可确定答案为C。

54.How wide is the Atlantic at the narrowest?

A.It’s half as wide as the Pacific.       B.Almost half as wide as at its widest.

C.As wide as where Coumbus crossed it.D.2000 km.

答案:B

提示:数据计算题。根据文章第八、九句可知,大西洋最窄处为3200 km,最宽处为6000 km。因此本题答案应为B。

55.One of the facts that make the ocean unusual is that _______.

A.it’s salty and large              B.it’s half as big as the Pacific

C.its water is the saltiest in the worldD.it’s so large an ocean with so few islands

答案:D

提示:细节描述题。根据文章结尾部分“Two things made the Atlantic rather unusual.For so large an ocean it has very few islands.”可确定答案为D。C项具有一定的干扰性,文章最后一句说“大西洋是世界上含盐量最高的海洋”,意在与各个海洋相比,它的含盐最高,而不是与河流湖泊相比,C项的说法扩大了比较的范围,因此是错误的。

C

If the salinity(盐分) of ocean waters is analyzed(分析),it is found to differ only slightly from place to place.However,some of these small changes are important.There are three basic processes(过程) that cause a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the subtraction(减少) of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion(转化) of liquid water to water vapour.In this manner,the salinity is increased,since the salts stay behind.If this is carried to the extreme(极度),of course,white crystals of salt would be left behind;this,by the way,is how much of the table salt we use is actually got.?

The opposite of evaporation is precipitation(降水),such as rain,by which water is added to the ocean.Here the ocean is being diluted(冲淡) so that the salinity is decreased.This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean.Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of the water by evaporation,or decreased by the addition of fresh water by rainfall or runoff.?

Normally,in hot areas where the sun is very strong,the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.Similarly,in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea,salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.?

A third process by which salinity may be different is associated with(与……有关) the formation and melting of sea ice.When seawater is frozen,the dissolved(溶解的) materials are left behind.In this manner,seawater directly under freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared.Of course,when this ice melts,it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.?

In the Weddell Sea of America,the densest(浓的) water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process,which increases the salinity of cold water.This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper part of the oceans of the world.

56.All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT _______.

A.runoff       B.evaporationC.melting      D.rainfall

答案:B

提示:什么因素不使含盐量下降呢?这要求我们留意文中对含盐量高低变化起作用的因素的细节描述。文中第二段末句总结了影响含盐量的因素：蒸发(evaporation)使含盐量增加，降水(rainfall)和河水流入(runoff)使含盐量降低，后文中提到海冰的形成和融化也影响含盐量。因此，该题很明显应选B项。

57.The salinity of the oceanic water is generally higher in _______.

A.hot areas      B.coastal regionsC.deep areas     D.rainy regions

答案:A

提示:文中第三段具体描述了含盐量高低不同的几个地区，其中热带地区含盐量高而沿海岸地区含盐量低。因此该题显然应选A项的“热带地区”。

58.The Weddell Sea is mentioned in the passage to _______.

A.give an example of coldwater salinity

B.point out the location of deep waters

C.compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters

D.indicate that this body of water has salinity variations

答案:A

提示:文中提到Weddell海是在叙述了第三种改变含盐量的过程之后，这一种改变主要与冰的形成与融化有关。海水结成冰后含盐量升高，冰融化后含盐量又变低。随后，文中以Weddell海为例，说明海水结冰后，冰冷的海水含盐量增高。所以，该题应该选A项。

59.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Various factors combine to cause variations in the salinity of water.

B.As a result of the formation of ocean ice water salinity decreases.

C.The salinity of the water near the bottom of the oceans is relatively high.

D.In coastal areas the ocean is diluted by rivers.

答案:B

提示:B项表示“海水结冰的结果是使水的含盐量下降了”。而文中却提到海水结冰后，冰下的水含盐量增高。因此B项不是事实。

60.The major point discussed in the passage is _______.

A.the subtraction of water    B.the conversion of liquid water to water vapour

C.the salinity of ocean water  D.the effect of rainfall on the salinity of ocean water

答案:C

提示:此文主要围绕海水的含盐量进行叙述，列举了三种不同情况下含盐量的增减。因此最合适的答案为C项。而A项“水分的去除或减少”，B项“水由液态转为固态”，和D项“降水对海水含盐量的影响”，都只是文中叙述的一个方面，而不是主要观点。

第Ⅱ卷(共20分)

第四部分:写作(共两节,满分20分)

第一节:短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)?

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:?

此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。?

此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。?

此行错一个词:在错的词下画一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。?

注意:原行没有错误的不要改。?

Up until I was about 10 years old,I was the same

as everyone else in my class.I used to climb on trees,swim and   61._______

play football.In fact,I was used to dream about one day being    62._______

famous football player and representing my country in the         63._______

World Cup.Then I start to get weaker and weaker.Some days,    64._______

I was too tired to get out of bed.I went into hospital for tests.    65._______

I stayed there for nearly three months and missed a lot of schools. 66._______

I think I had at least a billion tests while I was there,included       67._______

one which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked  68._______

at it under a microscope.Only after all the tests,no one could give  69._______

my disease a name,so it is difficulty to know what the future will be like.        70._______

答案及提示：

61.去掉on　climb为及物动词，“爬树”应表达为climb trees。

62.去掉was　used to do表示“过去常常”;be used to doing表示“习惯于”。该处在回顾以前的事情，所以去掉was。

63.famous前加a　“运动员”前应带冠词。

64.start→started　回顾以前的事情应用过去时态。

65.√

66.schools→school　此处应用school表示“学业”，为抽象名词，不可数。

67.included→including　including为介词，表示“包括”，置于所包括的东西之前。

68.which前加in　加in后表示“在这次检查中”。

69.Only→Even　根据上下文，应用Even表示“甚至”。

70.difficulty→difficult　作表语应用形容词。

第二节:书面表达(满分10分)?

以下图画为我们描述了“山区饮水贵如油，村里浇地直发愁;饱汉哪知饿汉饥，城里水管哗哗流”的情景，请就此写一篇英语短文，谈谈自己的感想。?

词数：120左右。?

参考答案:

Waste of Water Should Not Be Excused!

As we all know,our world is short of water.In some mountain areas water is more valuable than oil and sometimes many animals and even villagers die just because they have no water to drink.At the same time farmers need water to irrigate their fields because every year in some areas of the world,it rains little.As a result,farmers worry about how to water their fields.If they can't get enough water they will have to go hungry.Meanwhile,people in cities waste water every day.We often find that some people leave the running water flowing day and night.They don't realize it is important to save water.So it is high time that we should make it known to everyone that water is valuable.

高二年级英语上学期同步练习就为大家介绍到这里，希望对你有所帮助。

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