7. suggest      v. 建议;暗示;表明

① suggest+doing / sth. / that-clause

May suggested a picnic at the weekend.

What did you suggest to the headmaster?

I suggested leaving early for the airport.

She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking.

他建议我们参观长城。

He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.

He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.

He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.

②     suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。

The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me.

The look on his face suggested that he was happy.

His pale face suggested that he was seriously ill.

His work suggests that he is a careful man.

8. absorb

①     to take sth. in especially gradually吸收

Plants absorb carbon dioxide.

In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.

Paper that absorbs ink is called blotting paper(吸墨纸).

The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.

② to understand facts or ideas completely and remember them

It’s hard to absorb so much information.

☆ be absorbed in = concentrate on专心于

He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently.

The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.

I was so absorbed in a book that I didn’t hear you call.

☆ absorb one’s attention

Chinese history absorbs his attention recently.

9. suspect: to think that something is probably true or likely, especially something bad

① vt. 怀疑，猜疑 n. 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人      adj.可疑的，靠不住的

suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做…

She suspected him of taking her money.

②     以为，猜想

We suspected that he had finished doing his homework.

10. severe       a.

① so serious, so bad     严厉的，苛刻的，严格的

Come on! Don’t be so severe with the children.

His report contains severe criticism of the company’s actions.

His severe looks frightened me.

②very harmful or painful, serious or uncomfortable(疼痛)剧烈，的严重的，

I was caught in a severe storm last night and couldn’t go back home in time.

He has such a severe illness that he has been in hospital.

I suffered a severe attack of toothache.

He had a severe pain in the leg.

11. foresee: to know that sth. is going to happen before it actually happens              vt. 预见，预料

The method was used in ways that couldn’t have been foreseen by its inventors.

Few analysts foresaw that oil rice would rise so steeply.

No one could have foreseen things would turn at this way.

It’s impossible to foresee how life will work out.

12. blame       v. 责备;谴责;把……归咎于          n. 过失;责备

①     blame sb. / sth. for sth.: to say or think that sb. or sth. is responsible for sth. bad

因…而指责

It’s not fair to blame me. It’s not my fault.

They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.

② blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把……归咎于: be responsible for sth. bad

The police blamed the traffic accident on jack’s careless driving.

③ (be) to blame应受责备(主动表被动);承担责任

The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.

Which driver was to blame for the accident?

Either he or I am to blame.

Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.

Who is to blame for the fire?

④ take the blame承担责任to say that sth. is your fault

He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.

⑤ put the blame on怪在……身上

It’s no use blaming our defeat on him.

13. look into   调查，了解，研究，浏览，向…里看

We’ll look into the case as soon as possible.

But now the authority is looking into the cost of modifying all of its windows.

The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now looking into the matter.

look around; look after, look down upon; look for; look forward to; look like; look over浏览，过目一遍; look out; look through浏览，检查; look on; look up to;

14. handle       vt. to deal with处理，买卖，操作      n. 把手，把柄

The children are so naughty that I can't handle them. 处理

This shop handles paper and stationery. 买卖

We don’t handle that sort of book. 买卖

How shall we handle the problem. 处理

Can you handle the situation at present? 处理

It has a free handle.活把手

He learnt how to handle the axe. 操作

15. link

① v.       连接，

The two towns are linked by a railway.

The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.

Television stations around the world are linked by satellites.

The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.

②    n.

Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.

Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?

A lot of links fitted together form a chain.

link up (with)连接，结合;link…with /to把…与相连接

16. announce

① to make known publicly; to give information using a loudspeaker, esp. at an airport or railway station; to introduce a program on TV or radio

The news was announced by Radio Beijing.

Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.

The captain announced that the plane was going to land.

The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.

The army announced a cease-fire.

The announcer announces three programs a week.

It has been announced that Mr. A and Miss B will be married next week.

② announcement

train approach announcement

He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition.

☆ make an announcement

17. instruct: to teach; to order

-- Who instructs your class in history?    -- Mr Black. He is our instructor.

She instructed me in the use of this telephone.

I've been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.

The doctor instructed me to stay in bed.

The old workers instruct us not only in words but deeds.

☆ instruction: detailed directions on procedure; an order; teaching

The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.

We forgot to read the instructions. (an instruction book)

Under Berry’s instruction, I slowly mastered the art of glass blowing.

He gave us the instructions to finish the work as soon as possible.

Always read the instructions on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.

Period 4  Learning about language (Grammar)

Teaching aims

To help students learn to use useful words and expressions

To help students learn to use The Past Participle (1) as the Predicative & attribute

Teaching Procedures

I. Making a list

Make is a word which is so active that it forms numerous phrases. Now make a list of phrases like “make a list, make mistakes”.

Collocations of make…   make a guess, make a haircut, make haste, make holiday, make inquires, make a joke, make a journey, make a landing, make a leap, make a living, make a mistake, make a motion, make a noise, make a note, make an objection, make an offer, make peace, make preparation, make progress, make a progress, make a promise, make a proposal, make a recovery, make a remark, make a reply, make a report, make a request, make a resolution, make a speech, make trouble, make a turn, make war

 

II. Reading and finding

Read again the text JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” and find out all the examples where the past participle is used.

So many thousands of terrified people died. (used as attribute)

But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. (used as predicative)

III Doing exercises

Turn to page 4 and complete in pairs Exercises 1, 2 and 3. Then check your answers against your partners’.

IV. Learning about the making and uses of past participle

To form the past participle of a verb, add the ending -ed to the base form. (But note that many common verbs have irregular past participle forms.)

The past participle is used in the following circumstances

◇After the auxiliary have in the perfect tense

Has the radio been fixed yet?

◇After a form of the auxiliary be in the passive voice

The radio was fixed on Monday.

◇After the verbs have and get with a causative meaning

We had the radio fixed last week.

◇As a passive participial adjective

过去分词作定语
1	单个的过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语一般要后置。	two married women   a found umbrella   a used stamp   fallen leaves   a novel written by Jim   the letter sent to our boss
2	过去分词具有被动或完成的含义。	What’s the language spoken in Germany?   They decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
3	过去分词作定语常可扩展为一个定语从句。	He is fond of the food cooked (=which had been cooked) by your mother.   The report is the best of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
4	有时通过一个形容词或数词加另一名词的ed形式构成复合形容词。	a three-legged desk    a one-eyed dog   an honest-faced man   a warm-hearted lady

 

 

The recently fixed radio is broken again.

Explain the usage of the past participles as predicative and attribute.

1. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词;不及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词，如go, come,   assemble等，它们用在连系动词之后，表示完成意义，无被动意义。例如：

The man looked quite disappointed.

He is greatly discouraged by her refusal.

His hair is nearly all gone.

已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语，常见的有accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, frightened, hurt, interested,  lost, satisfied, surprised, worried等。

2. 过去分词作定语

a)用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义。例如：

We like skating in the frozen lake in the winter.

=We like skating in the lake which has been frozen in the winter.

How many finished products have you got up to now? 找教案 http://www.zhaojiaoan.com

=How many products that have been finished have you got up to now?

来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，这时仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。例如：

a retired worker=a worker who has retired

an escaped prisoner=a prisoner who has escaped

a faded / withered flower=a flower that has faded / withered

fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen

the risen sun=the sun that has just risen

a returned student=a student who has returned

vanished treasure=treasure that has vanished

b) 用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分词相当于一个定语从句。例如：

Things seen are better than things heard.

=Things which are seen are better than things which are heard.

The lobster broiled over charcoal was delicious.

=The lobster which was broiled over charcoal was delicious.

Practice:

将下列句子译成英语。

1. 他看上去又累又沮丧.

2. 我们一得到补充资金,就继续我们的实验。

3. 我们可以看到被阳光照亮的月球的一部分.

4. 经过一个激动和无眠的夜晚之后，第二天我强迫自己在海滨走了很久.

5. 早在1649年,俄亥俄州就决定在每一个城镇建立免费的、由税收支持的学校。

6. 彼得对这一切似乎很惊奇。

Sample answers:

1. He looked tired and depressed.

2. We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.

3. We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.

4. After a night spent in excitement and sleepless-ness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.

5. As early as in 1649, Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town.

6. Peter was very amazed at all this.

V. Language points

1.       come to an end结束，终结，终止

The meeting has come to an end.

bring to an end; draw to an end; put an end to sth.

I’m determined to put an end to all these rumours.

3. construction              n. 建造，建设，构筑

The construction of the dam took several years.

The new bridge is still under construction.

under construction / repair / discussion在建设中

4. contribute   vt. & vi捐献，贡献，捐助

Everyone should contribute what he r she can afford.

contribute to有助于，促成

contribute sth. to把…捐赠给…,给…投稿，为…贡献

make a contribution to为…做贡献

All this contributed to our success.

He contributed five million dollars to the Red Cross.

He contributed some articles to the newspaper.

Fresh air and exercise can contribute to good health.

5.apart from   除…之外(还有)

I ate everything apart from the soup.(except)

What do you like doing apart from swimming?(besides)

Period 5  Using language (Grammar)

Step I Pre-reading

1.       Talk about the center of the solar system.

“Do you know what is the center of the solar system?”

Ask the students to look at the pictures on pages 7. And remind them of the common knowledge of “Sun-Centered Theory”.

2.       Talk about Copernicus .

We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.

Step II Reading

1. Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false.

(1) At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church

was in charge of many western countries.   (T)

(2) Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appear in front of or behind the earth.      (F)

(3) Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. (T)

(4) His friends were not interested in his ideas.    (F)

(5) Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.           (F)

(6) Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe.      (T)

2. Read carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe. This time the students are encouraged to read the passage carefully and then do the exercises and problems on pages 7. Encourage the students to fulfill them quickly and correctly. And check the answers together.