三、缺一代词

① 充当定语从句主语的关系代词不能缺少。如：

The accident ∧ (that) happened yesterday was very serious.

② 英语中用来替代前面的“the + 名词”的 that(单数)和 those(复数)，在汉语中往往很可能漏掉。如：

The population of China is much larger than ∧ (that) of Japan.

These shirts are expensive, but∧ (those) which we saw the other day were even more expensive.

四、缺一助动词或连系动词 be

① 表语不是名词时，可能缺少连系动词 be，因为汉语在这种情况下不用“是”。如：

He ∧ (is) afraid of his father.

The match ∧ (is) over.

② 被动语态中缺少助动词 be，成了主动语态。如：

He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in English.

③ 完成体中缺少助动词 have，成了一般过去时。如：

We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our way.

They ∧ (have) lived here since 1980.

④ 在倒装句中缺少助动词或情态动词。如：

Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started.

Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office alone.

Only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English well.