选择题：

1.They arrived ___ London___ a cold winter night.

A.at, in   B.in, on   C.at, on   D.in, at

2.It's rather cold today.You'd better ___ more clothes before you go out.

A.put on   B.wear   C.to put on   D.to wear

3.You must be very tired. Why not ___ a rest?

A.stop taking   B.stop to take  C.to stop taking   D.to stop to take

4.___, I've caught up with my classmates in my English studies.

A.Under his help  B.With his help   C.Under the help of him  D.With the help of him

5.Mother told me ____ in the sun.    A.not read   B.don't read   C.read not  D.not to read

6.Watching TV ___ is bad for your eyes.   A.much too  B.many too  C.too much  D.too many

7.Those foreign visitors ___ our city the day before yesterday.

A.arrived   B.reached  C.reached to  D.got in

8.She asked me to help her ___ her Chinese.    A.at  B.with  C.for  D.on

9.Look ___ the words in the dictionary when you don't know ___ they mean.

A.up, what  B.up, that  C.for, that  D.for, what

10.One after another, three of them ___.

A.fell asleep   B.got to asleep   C.went to asleep   D.were sleeping

完成句子：

1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁?  Do you ______ ______drinking a glass of orange?

2.小杨毕业离校以来，我们从未收到他的来信。

We have never ______ ______ Xiao Yang since he _______ school for the last time.

3.人们兴建绿色长城是为了阻止风将土刮走。

People started to build the Great Green Wall ___ ___ it could stop the wind from ___ the earth away.

4.魏华把你错当成他的兄弟，是吗?

Wei Hua ________ you ______ his brother,didn't she?

重要的短语、句型和惯用法(二)

1.There be 结构

a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.

b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

c.There is a river near our school.否：There is not a river near our school.

问：Is there a river near our school.回答：Yes, there is. No, there isn't.

划⑴How many rivers are there near our school?   ⑵What's near our school?

d.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be

e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?

①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon.  A.have   B.watch   C.be   D.play

②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest.   A.be   B.have   C.be on   D.on

2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。

a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.      So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.

b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语，表示某人也不。

eg.Mother has never been to Japan.      Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.

c.So+主语+be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.    B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.

3.It's+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It's two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and (那么)...eg.Go straight on and you'll see a school.=If you go straight on, you'll see a school.

5.祈使句+or...否则...eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.   =If you don't work hard, you'll fall behind the other

6. The+比较级...，the+比较级... 越...越...

eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。

⑵The harder you work on it, the better you'll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)

7.How do you like the film?  =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样?)

8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?

虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:What have you done with the library book?    B:I've just returned it to the library.

9.I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办?   I don't know how to do. ×

10.What...be like?...是什么样的?

eg.⑴What's the weather like? 天气如何?⑵What's your school like? 你们学校是什么样的?

11.What...for?为何目的?为什么?eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?

12.one of +最高级+复数 最...之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.

13.find it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的)

find +宾语 +名词eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.)

find +宾语 +形容词

eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着)  I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

14.I don't think+肯定句 我想...不   eg.I don't think I'll take it. (我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

15.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.

eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken

16.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.

特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.You'd better catch a train.

You'd better not talk in class.You'd better not be late for the class.

17.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth.

eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了)

18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)

=sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth.eg.It took me half an hour to do the work.

=I spent half anhourin doing the work.

19.sb.pay 钱 for 物 某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend 钱 on 物  =物 cost sb.钱 , pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed.     eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.  =I spent thirty yuan on the coat.

=The coat cost me thirty yuan. 20.have been to 某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿

sb.have been in +地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间)      have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在这儿

21.⑴ too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能" "太…以致于不"

eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。   ②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy. 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。

⑵so...that 如此...以致于...上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that 引导的句子转换。①The basket is so heavy that I can't carry it.      ②This colour TV is so expensive that we can't afford it.

22.What's the population of ...? ...人口有多少?    不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用large    eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA

23.I've come to return your pan. (我跑来是还你锅的)    →Why have you come? 而不用What

24.not...until (连词)方才，才

eg.He says that he won't be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。      肯定句+until 到

eg.You'd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天)

25.neither...nor... 既不...也不...        either...or... 或者...或者...

eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred".

Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则)

both...and... 两者都... eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数)

二、形容词 副词

大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：  原级：比较级： 比较...，更...一些   最高级： 最...

(A)1.构成：(规则情况)情况 变 化 方 法 例 词

单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况 加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest

以字母e结尾 加r, st nice-nicer-nicest

重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加er, est  big-bigger-biggest

以辅音字母加y结尾  变y为i加er, est early-earlier-earliest

部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加more, most 　 slowly-more slowly-most slowly

2.不规则变化，须熟记： good/well-better-best    many/much-more-most    far-farther-farthest

bad/badly/ill-worse-worst     little-less-least

(B)常见的使用情况

1.as … as … 和...一样(中间用原级)

2.not as(so) … as 和...不一样(中间用原级)

3… than …. ..比...(用比较级)

4.有范围修饰的用最高级    如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的

eg.⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year.   ⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen .

5.比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越….eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful

6. The+比较级，the+比较级 越…...就越…...   eg:The more, the better. 越多越好

(C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。

2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。

3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。

eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.

(D)掌握三种同义句转换：

1.He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class.

2.This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isn't as interesting as that one.

=That film is more interesting than this one.

3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.

Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs?  A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and

此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：

1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。

2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词      enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词

例如;She is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。

3.区别几组易混淆的副词: 也 too用于肯定、疑问句  also 较为正式书面语   either 用于否定句      已经already 常用于肯定句、疑问句 yet 常用于否定句、疑问句

不再 no (not any) longer 从时间上讲  no (not any) more 从动作上讲

如此这样 such 修饰名词 eg: such a big box

so 修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big       单独、独自 alone 作表语 =by oneself  孤独的 lonely 可作表语、定语  eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy)

练习题

1.The students are having a good time in the park.  Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.

A.Others  B. Other  C. Another  D.The other

2.There isn't _____ in today's newspaper.

A. important something   B. important anything  C. anything important   D. nothing important

3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?

-No,Mum. It's not ______. It's ______. A.hers, my  B. her, my  C. Mine, hers  D.hers, mine

4..The Changjiang River is the third __ river in the world. A.long  B.longer  C.longest  D.the longest

5. An elephant is _____ than a horse.

A.more strong  B. much stronger  C. the most strong  D. much more strong

6. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water?    A.good  B.Well  C. Better  D. Best

三、介词

1.与形容词搭配的词组有：  be afraid of (怕) be angry with (生某人的气)

be away from (不在某地) be different from (与…不同)

be good at (善于) be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害)      be interested in (对…感兴趣) be late for (迟到)       be/get ready for (为作好准备) be sure of (对…有把握)

be worried about (为…感到担忧)

2.介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式

1)You must take good care of her.  2)Thank you for teaching us so well.

3.几组易混淆的介词

A. “在...之后” in + 一段时间(用于一般将来时)

after + 一段时间(用于一般过去时)  after + 一点时间(常用于一般将来时)

如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.

The baby will stop crying in half an hour.  They will visit their teacher after Friday.

B. for +一段时间   since +过去的一点时间

这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。

C. be made of "用……制成"  be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成”

D. in, on, at表时间    in “在某月(季节、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer

固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end

on "用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"

eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16

at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”

固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 。 如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天

E. except +宾格/doing something "除…之外” (不包括本身)

Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.

F. “用” 通过交通工具 by plane

用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone,  on /over the radio,  on TV

用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands

G. between “在~和~(两者)之间”

between...and...,  between the two... among 在...之间(三者或三者以上)

eg.Sue spent over two hours ___ her homework yesterday evening.  A.on   B.with    C.at   D.over

四、连词

1.并列连词         both…and 既~又~谓语用复数动词

neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意义，(就近原则)谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。   either…or…   “或者 …或者…”“不是…就是…”

and“和”  连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。

but “但是” 表转折，不能与 though 同时出现在句中。

or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用 or，而不用 and。  Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否)      I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.

2.引导宾语从句的连词

陈述句：that 可省略 一般疑问句：if /whether “是否”     特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词

3.引导原因状从的有：because (不能与so同时出现在句中)

4.引导时间状语从句的连词：

A. when(当…时候)，as soon as…(一…就)，not…until(直到…才)，after(在…之后)，引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。 Eg: I won't leave until he comes back.

B. since(自从…以来)引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。  Eg：We haven't met each other since she left here last year.

C. while(当…时候，一边…一边…)它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。

Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.

5.引导条件状语从句的连词：  if   “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定

eg:1)I don't know if it ____ (rain) tomorrow.

2)If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I _____________ (not climb) the hills.

3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other_____they left school five years ago.

A.as   B.before   C.after   D.since

ew  C. a little  D. little

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