7. in the tree/ on the tree

in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：

There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。

There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。

8. some/ any

(1)some和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要

注意。

some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：

There is some water in the glass.

Is there any water in the glass?

There isn't any water in the glass.

(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用some。如：

Would you like some tea?

9. tall/ high

(1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如

a tall woman 一个高个子妇女

a tall horse 一个高大的马

(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如：

He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。

The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。

(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。

(4)high可作副词，tall不能。

(5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.

10. can/ could

(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的"能力

"。例如：

Can you ride a bike? 你会骑自行车吗?

What can I do for you? 要帮忙吗?

Can you make a cake?你会做蛋糕吗?

(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如：

Where can he be?他会在什么地方呢?

Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗?

It surely can't be six o'clock already?不可能已经六点钟了吧?

You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've just had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。

What can he mean?他会是什么意思?

在日常会话中，can可代替may表示"允许"，may比较正式。例如：

You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。

--- Can I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?

--- Of course，you can.当然可以。

You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。

(3) couldcould 是 can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)。例如：

The doctor said he could help him.(能力)医生说他能帮助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)

当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)

那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。

could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：

Could I speak to John，please?我能和约翰说话吗?

Could you?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：

Could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?

Could you please ring again at six?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?

(4)can的形式

只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。例如：

They have not been able to come to Beijing.

他们没有能到北京来。

11. look for/ find

look for 意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：

She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。

Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。

12. be sleeping/ be asleep

be sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”;be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：

---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么?

---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。

The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。

13. often/ usually/sometimes

often表示"经常"，sometimes表示"有时候"，在表示发生频率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词(be动词，情态动词和助动词)的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。

Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。

14. How much/ How many

how much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是How much is / are…?

How much is the skirt?  这条裙子多少钱?

How much are the bananas?  这些香蕉多少钱?

how much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。

How much meat do you want?  你要多少肉呀?

How many students are there in your class?  你们班有多少人?

15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at

be good for 表示"对……有好处"，而be bad for表示"对……有害";be good to表示"对……友好"，而be bad to表示"对……不好";be good at表示"擅长，在……方面做得好"，而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。

Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。

The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。

Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。

16. each/ every

each 和every都有"每一个"的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。

We each have a new book.

我们每人各有一本新书。

There are trees on each side of the street.

街的两旁有树。

He gets up early every morning.

每天早晨他都起得早。

each可以用作形容词、副词和代词;every只能用作形容词。

Each of them has his own duty.

他们各人有各人的义务。

They each want to do something different.

他们每个人都想做不同的事情。

17.一般现在时/现在进行时

一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为am/is /are/+doing)。

I do my homework in the evening.

我在晚上做作业。

I'm doing my homework now.

我现在正在做作业。

现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等词连用;而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。

We often clean the classroom after school.

我们经常放学后打扫教室。

Look! They are cleaning the classroom .

看!他们正在打扫教室呢。

【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在：

1.动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数

名词的构成和用法。

2.本册书中常见的交际用语

3.本册书中一些重点的词组和短语

考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。

【中考范例】

1.(2004年安徽省中考试题)

---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.

---I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me.

A. wait  B. was waiting  C. am waiting  D. waited

【解析】答案：C。表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。

2. (2004年长春市中考试题)

Could you help ____ with _______ English, please?

A. I, my  B. me, me  C. me, my  D. my, I

【解析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my。

3.(2004年长春市中考试题)

Dr. White can _______ French very well.

A. speak  B. talk  C. say  D. tell

【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。

4.(2004年黄冈中考试题)

English is spoken by ______ people.

A. a lot  B. much many  C. a large number of  D. a great deal of

【解析】答案：C。只有a large number of 能用来修饰复数可数名词people。

【满分演练】

一. 单项选择

1. There is some ______ on the plate.

A. cakes  B. meat  C. potato  D. pears

2. Uncle Wang wants ______ the machine like a bike.

A. ride  B. riding  C. rides  D. to ride

3. Tom usually goes to bed ________ ten o'clock in the evening.

A. at  B. in  C. on  D. of

4. ______ picture books in class, please.

A. Not read  B. No read  C. Not reading  D. Don't read

5. The box is too heavy. Let ________ help you to carry it.

A. we  B. us  C. ours  D. our

6. Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the meeting.

A. and  B. but  C. then  D. or

7. People usually ______ "hello" to each other when they make a phone call.

A. say  B. speak  C. tell  D. talk

8. Look! She ________ a kite for her son.

A. makes  B. is making  C. make  D. making

9. These shoes are yours. Please ________.

A. put on them  B. put on it  C. put them on  D. put it on

10. She often gets ______ very late.

A. home  B. at home  C. to home  D. in home

11. I think the shop is closed ________ this time of day.

A. in  B. on  C. at  D. for

12. I want ______ of meat, please.

A. half kilo   B. a half kilo  C. half a kilo  D. a kilo half

13. --- Is this black ruler ________?

--- No. It's ________.

A. yours, his  B. your, his  C. yours, him  D. you, he

14. ________ book on the desk is a useful(重要的)one.

A. A  B. An  C. The  D. /

15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the ________.

A. farm  B. post office  C. hotel  D. hospital

16. Liu Mei often helps her mother ________ housework.

A. does  B. do  C.doing  D. to doing

17. We watch evening news on ________ at 7:00 in the evening.

A. CCTV  B. CAAC  C. WTO  D. MTV

18. There ________ a box of apples on the desk.

A. are  B. is  C. has  D. have

19. Would you like ________ with me?

A. go  B. to go  C. going  D. goes

20. Sometimes his brother ________ TV after supper.

A. watch   B. sees   C. watches   D. is watching

二. 填空

A. 根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词

1. Kate's glass is empty. She wants a f______ one.

2. I think my father can help you m______ your broken bike.

3. I have two pencils. One is short, the other is l______.

4. Please open the w______. It's getting hot here.

5. Something is w______ with my bike. May I borrow yours?

B. 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空

1. There are some ________ there, talking loudly. (woman)

2. This blouse isn't hers. It's ________. (my)

3. The people on the farm are very ________. (friend)

4. Do you know ________? (he)

5. Tom's uncle can drive cars. He is a good ________. (drive)

C. 选词并用其适当形式填空

work, close, look, have, teacher, pen, eat,China, play, climb

1. This is our ________ desk. Ours are over there.

2. Bill has three ________. One is new and the other two are old.

3. His uncle ________ very young but he is over forty.

4. Let's ________ basketball after class.

5. Look! The cats are ________ up the trees.

6. The shop isn't open. It's ________.

7. My brother ________ some new picture books.

8. In our classroom there is a large map of ________.

9. Mum, please give me something to ________. I'm very hungry.

10. Does Mr Green like ________ in this Chinese school?

三. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话

A. Please give it back soon.

B. It's over there

C. Certainly. When do you want it?

D. Thank you very much.

E. Black and red, and it's not very new.

A: Excuse me, Lin Tao!

B: Yes?

A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours?

B: __1____.

A: This afternoon.

B: OK. Here's the key.

A: ____2__. But where is it?

B: __3____.

A: What colour is it?

B: __4____.

A: I see. I think I can find it.

B: ___5___.

A: All right. See you!

四. 完型填空    These days men and women , young and old are ___1_____ the same kind of ___2____, and a lot of ___3_____ have long hair(头发). We often can't ___4_____whether they are boys or girls, men or women.

___5_____ old man often goes to walk in the park. He is sitting on a chair now. A young person is ___6_____ ___7_____ him.

"Oh, goodness!" the old man says to the other one. "Do you ___8_____ that person with long hair? Is it a boy or a girl?"

"A boy," says the other one. "He is my son." "Oh," says the old man, "Please ____9____ me. I don't know you are his ____10____." "I'm not his mother, I'm his father," says the other one.

1. A. having    B. wearing  C. putting   D. buying

2. A. clothes   B. trees    C. pictures  D. Bags

3. A. we        B. your     C. them      D. Theirs

4. A. talk      B. teach    C. say       D tell

5. A. An        B. A        C. The       D. /

6. A. running   B. flying   C. standing  D. driving

7. A. on        B. beside   C. in        D. At

8. A. see       B. watch    C. look      D. Read

9. A. help    B. excuse  C. teach   D. Ask

10. A. baby  B. sister    C. father  D. Mother

五. 阅读理解

( A )

Mr Li teaches Chinese in the USA. He comes back to Chinaevery year. He gives us a talk. He says," K Day in the USAis very interesting. All children like it very much. It is on March 7th. When you go out on that day, you can see children running with kites in the open air(露天). When you look up, you can see different kites in the sky(天空). Some are big, and some are small. They are in different colours. Every kite has a long string(长线). The children begin to run when they get the kites up. Every child has a good time that day.

1. Mr Li is _______________. He works in the USA.

A. a worker  B. an English teacher  C. a doctor  D. a Chinese teacher

2. Mr Li says something about _______________.

A. how to study English  B. K Day in the USA

C. his work in the USA  D. playing in the open air

3. March 7th is _________________.

A. Children's Day  B. Teachers' Day  C. K Day  D. Tree planting Day(植树节)

4. Every kite has _____________________.

A. a short string  B. a long string  C. the same colour  D. the same size(大小)

5. There are _______________ kites in the sky on that day.

A. all kinds of  B. one kind of  C. three kinds of  D. three

( B )

Paula

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Get up

7:10 a.m.

7:10 a.m.

7:10 a.m.

7:10 a.m.

7:10 a.m.

morning

school

school

school

school

school

lunch

pizza

rice

rice

rice

rice

afternoon

Yo-yo

Table-tennis

Table-tennis

Table-tennis

football

evening

homework

homework

television

homework

clothes

Go to sleep

10:15 p.m.

10:15 p.m.

10:15 p.m.

10:15 p.m.

10:15 p.m.

根据表格内容选择最佳答案。

6. On _______________, Paula usually gets up at 7:10 am.

A. Thursdays  B. Wednesdays  C. weekdays  D. weekends

7. Pizza is a kind of _________________.

A. drink  B. fruit  C. toy  D. food

8. Paula's favourite sport is _________________.

A. volleyball  B. table-tennis  C. yo-yo  D. football

9. On Wednesday evenings Paula usually ___________________.

A. watches TV        B. does her homework

C. washes her clothes   D. goes to see her friends

10. Which is wrong?

A. Paula goes to school from Monday to Friday.

B. Paula goes to bed after ten o'clock.

C. Paula has sports in the afternoon.

D. Paula usually has Pizza for lunch.

六. 根据中文提示和英文词语提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段：(所有英文提示语必须用上。

这位老人来自悉尼。他很热爱中国。他现在在北京教英语。他喜欢在北京工作。

1. this, man, come, Sydney

2. he, China, very much

3. now, teach, in Beijing

4. he, say,Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here

八年级上册知识梳理

【知识梳理】

I.重点短语

1. on time

2. best wishes

3. give a talk

4. for example

5. short for

6. a waste of time

7. go on a field trip

8. go fishing

9. I agree

10. next week

11. the day after tomorrow

12. have a picnic

13. have some problems doing sth.

14. go the wrong way

15. hurry up

16. get together

17. in the open air

18. on Mid-Autumn Day

19. come over

20. have to

21. get home

22. agree with

23. in the country

24. in town

25. all the same

26. in front of

27. on the left/right side

28. next to

29. up and down

30. keep healthy

31. grow up

32. at the same time

33. the day before yesterday

35. last Saturday

36. half an hour ago

37. a moment ago

38. just now

39. by the way

40. all the time

41. at first

II.重要句型

1. have fun doing sth.

2. Why don’t you…?

3. We’re going to do sth.

4. start with sth.

5. Why not…?

6. Are you going to…?

7. be friendly to sb.

8. You’d better do sth.

9. ask sb. for sth.

10. say goodbye to sb.

11. Good luck(with sb)!

III.交际用语

1.Welcome backto school!

2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad.

3.It doesn’t matter.

4.Happy Teachers’ Day !

5.That’s a good idea.

6.What are you going to do?

7.Where are we going ?

8.What are we going to do ?

9.I’m good at…

10.It’s not far from…

11. Are you free tomorrow evening?

12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?

13.I’m glad you can come.

14.Thanks for asking us.

15.How about another one?

16.May I have a taste?

17.Let me walk with you.

18.What do you have to do?

19.Do you live on a farm?

20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?

21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?

22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!

23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.

24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---All right.

25.Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office, please?

26.It’s over there on the right.

27.I’m sorry I don’t know.

28.You’d better…

29.Thank you all the same.

30.Which bus do I take?

31.Go along this road.

32.What day was it yesterday?

33.I’m sorry to hear that.

34.I hope you’re better now.

35.Why did you call me?

36.I called to tell…

IV.重要语法

1.be going to的用法;

2.形容词的比较级、最高级;

3.形容词和副词的比较

4.一般过去时

【名师讲解】

1. on the street / in the street

表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：

We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。

I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。

2. would like / like

would like 和 like含义不同。like 意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。试比较：

I like beer.=I’m fond of beer.  我喜欢喝啤酒。

I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。

Do you like going to the cinema?  你喜欢看电影吗?

Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?  你今晚想去看电影吗?

3. another / the other

(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如：

May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗?

This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。

(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如：

He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。

I have two brothers. One works inXi’an. The other works inBeijing. 我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。

4. have to /must

(1)have to和 must 都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用have to。例如：

I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。(自己想戒烟)

They have to work for the boss.

他们不得不为那个老板工作。(条件逼得他们去工作)

(2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能用于一般现在时。例如：

I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。

We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.

为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。

(3)用于否定句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相当于needn’t。例如：

You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。

You don’t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.

你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。

5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.

hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：

I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。

I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。

类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。

6. any /some

any和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中;any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：

I want some money. 我想要点钱。

Have you any money? 你有钱吗?

I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。

some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：

Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗?

Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗?

7. hear /listen to

listen to 和hear 都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear 强调“听”的结果。例如：

Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you a story. 请听我说!我给你们讲个故事。

Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗?

I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。

hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。例如：

I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。

I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。

8. Let’s… /Let us…

Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”, 如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如：

Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗?