一、教法建议

【抛砖引玉】

■ 大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南

Advice And Suggestions (劝告和建议)

● Idiomatic Sentences 功能套语

1. There seems to be something wrong with it . I can't possibly wear it . 这好象有点毛病，我不能穿了。

2. I would like you to change this for a new one . 我很想让你把这个给我换个新的。

3. You sold me so old a bike that I can't use it . I insist that you give me my money back . 你买给了我如此破旧的自行车，我就不能用。我要求你退我款。

4. It's not our fault . I'm afraid I can't do that . Why can't you do something about it ? 这不是我的错，恐怕我作不了主，你能不能灵活点 ?

5. Could you give me some advice on English study ? 我想征求一下关于学习英语的建议。

6. I 'd like your advice about / on this plan .

7. What do you think I should do ?

8. You'd better not trouble him . 你最好不要麻烦他。

9. Let's help him with the luggage .

10. Why not ask him to go with us ?

11. How / What about seeing a film ? 去看电影怎么样 ?

12. I strongly advise you to keep your promise .

13. I'm afraid I can't follow your advice .

14. That's impossible , but thank you all the same . 这不可能，但还是要谢谢你的。

15. Why don't you put off the meeting till next week ? 你为何不把会议推迟到下周 ?

● Model Dialogues 交际示范

A

A：Hello . You look tired today . What happened ?

B：I went to bed too late . I was reading a novel and forgot the time .

A：Really ? You need a rest tonight .

B：Yes , I think so .

A：You'd better go to bed earlier if you can .

B：Yes , you're right .

B

A：I've lost my ruler . Have you seen it anywhere ?

B：Sorry , I haven't . You'd better try your desk .

A：Yes , I did , but I didn't find it .

B：Why don't you ask Jim ? He was using a ruler just now .

A：Thanks . I'll go and ask him .

■ 单元核心句型结构

1. It looks / seems as if … 看起来好象 ……

It looks as if it is going to rain . 看起来天要下雨。

测试要点：as if =as though 后 接虚拟语气。如：

He talks as if he had been there many times . 他谈话的样子好象是他已经去过那里好多次了。

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it were broken . 当一支铅笔部分放入一杯水中，它看起来就像是断了似的。

2. I insist (that) …

测试要点：

我认为应该……(宾语从句用虚拟);

I insist he ( should ) write a letter of thanks to the school . 我坚持认为他应该向学校写个感谢信。

我坚持说……(宾语从句不用虚拟)。

He insisted that he didn't steal the money . 他坚持说他没有偷那笔钱。

3. I should like / would like sb to do sth 很乐意让某人干……

I should like you go shopping this weekend . 我倒很想让你周末去买东西。

测试要点：

should like /love + to do 与简略回答。如：

- Would you like to go swimming this Sunday ?

- I'd like / love to .

(用 to 代替 go swimming )

should like / love sb to 很想让某人去干 ……

We'd like our teacher to point out and correct our mistakes in our exercises . 我们很想让老师指出并改正我们作业 中的错误。

should like / love + to be + done 喜欢被……

Little Jim would like to be taken to Beijing next Christmas .

4. Why don't you do … ? =Why not do … ? 为何不…… ?

Why don't you (=Why not ) have a look at the other blouses ? 为何不挑选一下别的衬衫 ?

■ 单元误点警示

单元词组 take place 透射出的隐型被动

在第 38 课中的词组 take place (发生)属"隐形被动"范畴 ，不用被动语态的形式。中学英语教材中还有一些不用"be/get + 过去分词"的结构，其具体表现形式如下：

◆ 有些词(组)常用主动形式表达被动意义 (break out ，take place ，belong to ，shut off ，turn off ，work out制定 ，add up to , run out 用完 ，give out耗尽 ，等) 如：

The lights on the wall turned off .

The incident took place in Dec.1936 .

◆ 动词不定式作定语，一方面与所修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系， 另一方面又与句子的主 语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动式代表被表式。如：

Do you have any letters to post ? (对比：Manager wang , I'll go to the post office . Do you have any letters to be posted) ?

◆ 某些表示感觉、状态或特征的连系动词(look, sound, taste, smell, feel, become, appear, prove, turn out等)的主动形式常表被动意义。如：

- Do you like the material ?

- Yes , it ____ very soft . (NMET 94)

A. is feeling B. felt

C. feels D. is felt [ 答案：C ]

His theory proved correct .

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .

◆ 有些动词由"vt"变成的"vi"时， 常用主动形式与方式状语连用表被动意义，这类动词的主语常是物，该类常用动词有：sell , lock , fill , dry , run , open , cut , read, wear , write , translate , wash , shut , blow , digest , begin 等。如：

The door blew open . The book sells well .

This cloth wears long . The story won't translate well .

The food won't digest . The suitcase won't lock easily .

◆ 表"需要"的动词 (need , want , require , deserve , bear , demand) 后用动名词的主动形式，或不定式的被动式表被动;在 be worth 后只接动名词的主动形式表被动。如：

- What do you think of the book ?

- Oh , excellent. It's worth _____ a second time . (MET89)

A. to read B. to the read

C. reading D. being read [答案：C]

Your coat demands (requires , needs , wants) washing . (washing =to be washed)

He certainly deserves sending (=to be sent) to prison .

This telephone directory is well worth buying .

◆ 一些介词加上具有动作意义的名词，常可表被动意义。如：

Several new railways are under _____ (建议 ) in China . (NMET96) [ 答案：construction]

常考的此类介词短语有：on show=on exhibition , on sale , on fire , out of sight , in sight , under discussion , in the charge of , in the possession of , without help , without permission , under arrest , under repair , under consideration , under development 等。

◆ 有些以-able ，-ible 结尾的形容词 ( visible 可见的， invisible 无形的，breakable 的， drinkable 可饮用的 readable 可读的， acceptable 可接受的，respectable可尊敬的，countable 可数的，sensible可觉察的，等) 如：

The water in this well is drinkable(=fit to drink) . (19) Many things are invisible to us .

◆ 由过去分词转化而来的形容词 (pleased , interested , satisfied , frightened , worried, dressed , surprised , wounded , broken) 仍含有被动意义。如：

The girls are always dressed well .

The boy cried , with a glass broken .

◆ 使役动词 have/get+宾语+过去分词 ，表示该分词的动作由别人来完成。如：

-Good morning. Can I help you ?

-I'd like to have this package ____ , Madame . (MET89)

A. be weighed B. to be weighed

C. to weigh D. weighed [答案：D]

I'll get my hair cut on Sunday .

◆ 有些名词以 -ee 结尾含被动意义 (以-er , -or 结尾却含主动意义) 。如：

trainee受训者(trainer训练员)，employe(e)雇员(employor雇主)，addressee收件人 (addresser, addressor发件人) ，rejectee被弃者 (rejecter抛弃者) 等。

◆ 当不定式在作表语(或宾补)的形容词(heavy , light , interesting , pleasant , simple, comfortable, dangerous , strong , big , small , sweet , smooth , nice , fit , important , impossible , necessary , good , easy, hard , difficult 等) 后面作状语， 且不定式与句中主语 (或宾语)在逻辑上有动宾关系时，常用主动形式表被动含义。如：

The chair looks rather hard , but in fact, it is very comfortable to _____ . (MET88)

A. sit B. sit on

C. be sat D. be sat on [答案：B]

They found the article hard to understand .

(注意：当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时需补上适当的介词。又如：This river is dangerous to swim in)

◆ 动词happen , last持续 ，let出租 ，blame责备 ，seek寻求 ， 等用主动形式表达被动意义。如：

It is I who am to blame .

This house is to let . 此房出租。

◆ 有些动词 (look , bake , burn , print…)的进行时态表被动意义。如：

Bread is baking .

The fish is cooking .

【指点迷津】

■ 单元重点新词透视

1. run ( ran , run ) 作不及物动词意思是"颜色退色"。褪

Will the colours run if the dress is washed ? 这衣服洗起来会不会掉颜色 ?

The red on his face ran . 他脸上的红润不见了。

Some colours run quickly in the sun . 有些颜色在阳光下很快就褪色了。

〖测试要点〗

run forward 向前跑去。run first 跑了第一。run a temperature 发烧。run a factory 办工厂。run into 跑进，偶然遇到。sth + run out =become used up (主语常是时间、食物、金钱) 用完了 。sb + run out of + sth 用完了。例如：

His money soon ran out . 他的钱很快就用完了。

He is always running out of money before payday . 他老是发工资的日子还没有到就把钱给花完了。

Last Sunday he ran into his old friend in the street . 上星期天他在街上遇到他的老朋友。

2. foolish 愚蠢的，傻的，卤莽的，可笑的，荒谬的

It's foolish of me to do so . 我这样做真蠢。

That's a foolish action . 那是各愚蠢的行为。

You look foolish in that dress .

It was foolish of her to act that way . =How foolish of her to act that way . 她那样做该有多笨啊 !

〖测试要点〗

辨析 foolish (愚蠢), stupid (笨), silly(傻)

foolish 强调缺乏智力、智慧或者判断力，像愚人似的做出不合常理的事来。

I think it's foolish of her to let pass such a fine opportunity to go abroad . 我认为她放弃这样一个出国的好机会是十分愚蠢的。

stupid 常用于生气和责骂时，用于人的性格时指智力或反应迟钝。

What a stupid boy he is ! 他是个多么笨的孩子啊 !

You are not stupid , just lazy ! 你不笨，就是懒 !

He is stupid in learning maths . 他学数学很笨。

silly 指智力低能，所做所为太无见识，因而常招致讥笑，含"聪明一世，糊涂一时"。

I felt silly because I didn't know what to say . 我觉得很傻，因为我不知道说什么好。

Don't ask such silly questions ! 别再问这样傻的问题了。

3. insist vt.& vi. 坚持;坚决认为;坚决要求

He insisted that I was wrong . 他坚持认为我错了。

〖测试要点〗