show sb in 领某人进来。。show sb around + place 领某人参观。show sb into 领某人进入。

要特别注意 show sb to the door 把某人送到门口。show sb the door 把某人赶出门去，下逐客令。

He wouldn't listen to my apology . He showed me the door . 他对我的道歉听也不听就把我赶出了门。

Lesson 39 & 40

1. do some research about =make some research about / on 对……进行调查研究

They have done some research about free markets in this city for some time .

They have done a great deal of research on that subject .

〖测试要点〗

research 虽然可以用复数，但其前不用 two , three , many , several , 但可以加 some 。可以用：do two pieces / items of research 做两项研究工作。

research 后可以接介词 on , about , into 。如：

He has made scientific researches on atom for ton years . 他从事原子科学研究已十年了。

2. offer the best advice and service 提供最好的建议和服务

3. do up 扎好，扣好，包好，整好，打扮。

You've done up your buttons the wrong way . 你把钮扣扣错了。

She went to the mirror to do up her hair .

They did up all the old newspapers and put then in a separate room .

Mary has done herself up for the palace ball .

4. be suitable for + ing / sth 适合于，宜于

These story-books are suitable for children to read .

This kind of food is unsuitable for the patients .

Is he suitable / fit for this job ?

5. understand about … 懂得有关……

对比：Do you understand the meaning ? 你明白/ 理解那个意思吗?

Do you understand about space ? 你了解有关太空的情况吗 ?

6. take sb seriously 对某人认真接待，重视某人

It is foolish of you not to take this boss seriously .

7. (and) what is worse =to make matters worse 更糟糕的是

What was worse , this wine was not at all suitable for drinking with a meal .

He felt very hungry . What's worse , he had no money on him .

It got dark , and what was worse , we lost our way in the forest .

8. give sb the right / wrong change 给某人对/错钱

9. keep back 扣下，止住，隐瞒，留在后面

The boss kept back $30 from her pay without any reason . 老板无缘无故地从她的工资中扣掉30美元。

On hearing the news , the woman couldn't keep back her tears .

There's no need to keep it back from you .

10. enjoy equal rights 享有平等的权利

In China women enjoy equal rights with men .

11. fight sb to the end 同某人血战到底

No matter how powerful the enemy seems , we must fight them to the end .

12. know little about 对……知之甚少

13. in the world =on earth =completely 完全地，究竟，到底

14. get caught in 遇到，挂住

Her dress got caught on a nail .

They got caught in the rain the day before yesterday .

15. come off 脱离，掉下来

The branches have come off the trees .

16. in the same order 以相同的顺序

17. as usual 和往常一样，照例

As usual , he got up very early .

Only a week after the fire in the store , it was doing business as usual .

■ 单元语法学习目标

●对 as if 用法的探微

本单元的语法学习是掌握 as if 的用法。as if 是连词词组，相当于 as though , 意为"好像，好似"，引导表语从句和状语从句。学习中应注意如下四点：

1 . as if 引导表语从句。

as if 引导表语从句时，可以和 as though 互换，其句型为："It looks / seem as if …"，其中 it 本身无词义，是无人称代词，looks / seems 是连系动词，as if 引导表语从句。例如：

It looks / seems as if you have got no experience . 看来你似乎并没有经验。

2 . as if 引导方式状语从句。

as if 引导的方式状语从句中，从句中的动词一般要用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的主观设想，动词用过去式 (be 用 were ，适用于各种人称);若表示与过去事实相反的主观设想，动词用"had + 过去分词"形式。例如：

He acted as if he were smoking . 他那举动好像他抽烟似的。

They talked as if they had been friends for years . 他们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友似的。

3 . 如果主句的谓语动词是过去式，从句中的动词往往可以用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。例如：

I heard a noise as if she was crying . 我听到一种声音，好象她在哭泣似的。

He walked past me as if I didn't exist . 他从我身旁经过时，好象我不存在似的。

4 . as if 引起从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气的情况有：

如果句子的谓语动词是连系动词 look , feel , seem , taste , smell 等时，从句往往用陈述语气。

It looks as if we shall have to walk home . 看来我们得步得回家了。

He looks as if he is going to smile . 他看起来象要微笑似的。

如果所描述的行为本身就是一种事实时，通常用陈述语气。

The astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor . 宇航员们感到他们好象是被压在船舱上了。

说话者认为属于事实的成分比较大，假设的成分较小时，一般用陈述语气。试比较：

He walks as if he were drunk . (没有醉酒)

He is walking this way and that as if he is drunk . (醉酒的可能性很大)

● No matter + 疑问词及其它

本单元的另一个语法学习项目是 no matter + 疑问词。一般说来，No matter + 疑问词(what , when , etc . )表示"不管(无论)什么，何时"等等。这种结构在句中主要作用是来引导让步状语从句。

No matter what happened , he wouldn't say a word . 无论发生什么事，他都守口如瓶。

No matter what difficulties she met , she was going to be a singer . 不管会遇到什么困难，她决意要当歌唱家。

No matter how busy he was , he always came to see me . 无论他多么忙还总是来看我。

在引导让步状语从句时，与上述结构有相同意思和用法的结构是：疑问句 + ever。

Whatever happened , he would not say a word .

不过，在使用疑问句 + ever 时，有以下几点用法需要注意。

★ 引导主语从句或宾语从句时，只能用"疑问词 + ever "，而不能用"no matter + 疑问词"。

Whoever smokes here will be punished . 无论谁在这抽烟都要受到惩罚。

Beggars will eat whatever they are given . 饥不择食。

★"疑问词 + ever"可以用作修饰名词的关系形容词。

Take whatever books you like best . 拿你最喜欢的书吧。

★"疑问词 + ever "搭配连用时，可用来加强语气，用在特殊问句中，表示"到底、究竟(=at all)的意思。

What ever do you want ? 你到底要些什么 ?

How ever did I forget it ? 我怎么竟然把它忘了 ?

★"no matter"可以单独用在句中或用作表语，意思是 it doesn't matter (不要紧)，never mind (没关系)。

It makes no matter whether he likes it or not . 他喜欢不喜欢都没有关系。

It is no matter whether you get there early or late . =It doesn't matter whether you get there early or late . 你早晚到那儿都没关系。

No matte , madam . 不要紧，夫人。

★ No matter 与 who , what , where , when…. 连用时，从句的时态用一般现在时表示将来。

No matter where you go , she'll love you . 无论你走到哪里，她都会爱你的。

★"no matter + 疑问词"放在句末时，往往不需要动词跟在后面。

I'll always believe you , no matter what . (不用 happen)不论发生什么，我都会相信你的。

〖针对练习〗

用"no matter + 疑问词"或"疑问词 + ever"填空

1 . ______ you go , you'll find your friends .

2 . I'll eat _______ you gave me .

3 . _______ he says , I'll do it .

4 . _______ he is in trouble , I'll be ready to help him .

5 . _______ she says should be considered .

6 . The teacher will give a medal to _______ studies hardest .

7 . You may take ______ gifts you want .

8 . _______ made you so angry ?

9 . _______ promise to buy you a car ?

10 . ______ have you made so great progress ?

11. baggage it is , it will be kept until the owner returns .

答案：1 . Wherever / No matter where 2 . whatever 3 . Whatever / No matter what 4 . Whenever / No matter when 5 . Whatever 6 . whoever 7 . whatever 8 . What ever / Who ever 9 . Who ever 10 . How ever 11. No matter whose

二、学海导航

【学法指要】

● 哪些词能引导让步状语从句

◇ 用连词 though 和 although，译成汉语为"虽然……但是……"。后者的语气稍正式些。要注意的是：英语中用了 though (although)，在主句中不要再加 but 。但他们可以与副词 still 和 yet 等连用，加强语气。

Although it was quite late , we were still working in the fields . 虽然时间很晚了，但我们还在田里工作着。

◇ 用 if 或 even if , 译成汉语为"即使……"。

If we failed in this English examination , at least we did our best . 即使我们在这次英语考试中失败我们至少尽了最大努力。

I'll go even if it rain . 即使天下雨，我也要去。

◇ 用 whether ，译成汉语为"不论"。

Whether it may rain or not , I'll do morning exercises . 不论天下雨不下雨，我都做早操。

◇ 用 even when ，译成汉语为"纵然……"等含义。

Even when it was raining heavily , he refused to take an umbrella . 纵然天在下大雨，他也拒绝带雨伞。

◇ 用 while , 它和 if , when 所引出的让步状语从句是通过连词在句中表达的内容与主句的内容在意义上相反。

While I appreciated (重视) the honour , I could not accept the position . 尽管我 重视荣誉，但是我不能接受那个职位。

◇ 用 as ，但语序要倒装。

Poor as he is ( =Though he is poor) , he is honest . 虽然他贫穷，但他诚实。

◇ 用连接代词(副词) whatever , whichever , whoever , wherever , whenever 和 however 等来引导让步状语从句。

Whatever happens , (=No matter what) , we'll carry on the experiment . 不管怎么样，我们要继续试验。

He will never succeed , however hard he tries . 无论他如何努力尝试，他都不会成功。

● 条件在哪里 ?

请先看这样两句话：

1 . Without electricity human life would be quite different today .

2 . Given more attention , the trees could have grown better .

以上两句都是虚似条件句，但在这些句子却看不到 if 引导的条件状语从句，那么，它们的条件在哪里呢 ?

1 . 在 without 等引导的介词短语里，without 是最常见的用来表示条件的介词，意思是"若没有"等。

Plants couldn't grow without air . 没有空气植物就不能生活。(without air =if there weren't air)

Without your advice , he couldn't have succeeded . 若不是你的忠告，他不可能成功。(without your advice =if it hadn't been for your advice)

另外 under 也常用来表示条件。

We could have done better under more favorable conditions . 在更有利的条件下，我们能干得更好。

2 . 在but for 或 except for 引导的短语里，but for 与 except for 意义接近，可译作"要不是……"，等于 if it hadn't been for 。

But for the rain , we should have had a pleasant journey . 要不是下雨， 我们旅途愉快的。

But for your coming , I should have been very lonely . 要不是你来，我会感到寂寞的。

Except for you , I should be dead by now . . 要不是因为你，我活不到现在。

She would have left her husband except for the children . 若不是为了孩子，她早就离开她丈夫了。

3 . 用分词表示。

Invited , I would have come with you . (=If I had been invited , I would … )要是受到邀请，我会跟你一块去的。

I'd come and see you in Austria , given the chance . (=… if I were given the chance . )有机会的话，我会到奥地利去看你。

4 . 隐含在 but 引导的并列句中。

We would have given you a ride this morning , / but the car was full . ( =… this morning if the car hadn't been full . )今天上午我们本可以让你搭我们的车的，但车上人满了。

He could have passed the driving test , but he was too nervous . 他原本能够通过驾驶考试的，不过他太紧张了。

5 . 隐含在副词 otherwise (否则，不然的话，等于 if not)。

It snowed heavily , Otherwise , I could have arrived earlier . 天下了大雪，不然的话，我会早到的。(此处，otherwise =if it hadn't snowed heavily)

6 . 隐含在 but that 引导的从句里。这里 but 为介词，but that 的意思是"若不是……"。

I'd have come with you but that I was so busy . (=I'd have come with you if I hadn't been so busy . )我要是不忙，会跟你一块儿去的。

He would have helped us but that he was short of money . (=He would have helped us if he hadn't been short of money . )要不是那时他缺钱，他会帮助我们的。

7 . 隐含在上下文的语境中。

- We could have walked to the station . It was so near . 我们本可以步行去车站，它这么近。

- Yes . A taxi wasn't necessary . 对，当时乘出租车是不必要的。 (MET'92)

此句上下文隐含了"如果不乘出租车的话"这个条件(车站很近，乘出租车没必要。)

I would have acted as he did . 我不会象他那样干的。(隐含的条件是："如果我要干的活if I had done it。")

在下一个例句中，隐含的条件更不难体会。

Before liberation , years like these would have meant certain death for many people . Many would have become beggars and others would have been compelled to sell their children .

解放前要是碰到这样的年景，很多人肯定会死掉，许多人会逃荒要饭，许多人会被迫卖儿卖女。

【妙文赏析】

A Bullet in Mr Hand's Back

Mr Hand was very strong when he studied in a middle school . He liked (1) and his favourite game was running . So he won several (2) at the sports meetings . He had hoped to go to college before the (3) broke out . He was told to join the army and he (4) the front . He was very brave and was hardly (5) anything . But one day he was badly wounded and his (6) sent him to the field hospital at once . The doctors tried their best to (7) him , but a bullet (子弹) was in his back and they couldn't bring it out when he was being (8) on . Having come out of hospital , Mr Hand was (9) by a police station . He worked hard but he often had a (10) in his back and had to go to the hospital . But the (11) in his town could not help him and advised him to go to a (12) hospital in the capital . He (13) their suggestion and started . His friends saw him off at the (14) . As the planes were often hijacked (劫持) , at the (15) he was stopped and the policemen told him to hand over all his things that were made of (16) .

"I'm sorry to tell you , sir , "said Mr Hand . "I can't (17) you unless you use knives ! "

"Are you having a (18) with us , sir ? "called out an officer .

"Don't be (19) , sir , "Mr Hand said with a smile . "I'm trying to have the bullet (20) out ! "

Having heard his explanation , the officer let him in .

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

1 . A . lessons B . sports C . reading D . writing

2 . A . medals B . chances C . plans D . projects

3 . A . hire B . earthquake C . war D . flood

4 . A . left B . was left C . sent to D . was sent to

5 . A . afraid of B . tired of C . in need of D . interested in

6 . A . officers B. officials C . soldiers D . secretaries

7 . A . rescue B . save C . encourage D . explain

8 . A . examined B . checked C . operated D . treated

9 . A . borrowed B . employed C . stationed D . elected

10 . A . mark B . disease C . pain D . result

11 . A . doctors B . scientists C . folks D . relatives

12 . A . near B . old C . good D . better

13 . A . accepted B .received C . appreciated D . thanked

14 . A . railway station B . airport C . port D . bus stop

15 . A . plane B . office C . exit D . entrance

16 . A . medal B . model C . metal D . plastic

17 . A . see B . look at C . hear D . listen to

18 . A . joke B . arguing C . problem D . communicating

19 . A . sad B . afraid C . angry D . astonished

20 . A . sent B . brought C . finding D . dug

〖答案〗 1 . B 2 . A 3 . C 4 . D 5 . A 6 . C 7 . B 8 . D 9 . B 10 . C 11 . A 12 . D 13 . A 14 . B 15 . D 16 . C 17 . D 18 . A 19 . C 20 . B

〖释疑〗1. 从下一句 his favourite game was running 可以确定应选 sports 。2. 在运动回上自然是获得奖章，故选 medals 。3. 从上下文可以知道他不是生长在和平的年代(He was told to join the army .)，故选war 。4. 保家卫国就会被派往前线，所以选D。5. 从very brave 和 hardly 可以知道他英勇无畏，选A。6. 在战场受伤只能是战友们伸出友爱的手把他送到战地医院，故只能选 C。7. 受重伤已经脱离在战场的险境，面临的就是抢救他的性命，rescue 是营救，save 是抢救生命，所以选 B。8. 动手术符合语境。9. 康复出院后应是被雇佣，所以选B。10. 由于前面的伏笔中有背部子弹未取出，现在疼痛是在所难免的，所以选C。11. 既然建议他当地医院无能为力，爱莫能助，只有医生说出此言。12. 从 in the capital 暗示出只有条件好的大医院才能取出他背部的子弹。并不是医院旧或离当地近就能如原以尝。13. 从started(出发)知他接受了(accepted)建议，不只是接到(received)建议。14. 下文 planes 的提示说明朋友在机场送行。15. 根据常识在入境出接受海关检查，只有 entrance 符合此意。16. 对人有危险的器物恐怕金属类的比较现实，故选 metal。17. 幽默在于 Mr Hand 并没有什么恶意，自己身上的子弹只有用手术刀才能解决问题。可对方却产生理解上的偏差，故用listen to sb 表达服从之意。18. 从检查人员的大声喊叫(called out)中可以感受到请Mr Hand 不要开玩笑而妨碍公事。19. Mr Hand 一看对方脸色和反应不对劲，知道自己的话引起了误会，故笑容满面(with a smile)地向怒气冲冲的警察们解释说明。故选C。20. have sth + done 是让……被。bring out 取出。dig out 不符合实际。

【思维体操】

世界名人系列 NMET阅读理解 (2)

Abraham Lincoln

When Abraham Lincoln took office in March of 1861 , James Buchanan said to him, "If you are as happy on entering the White House as I'm leaving it , you are the happiest man in this country . " Difficult times lay ahead for Lincoln , and both men knew it . Seven Southern States had already left the Union , four more states would soon follow them . The start of the Civil War was only weeks away . Many people doubted (怀疑) Lincoln's ability to pull the Union together . He was just a country lawyer . He had only a few years of schooling , and he had served one term in Congress (国会) . His only real fame came from a series of debates (辩论) over slavery . Lincoln's firm s